「雙語」孫楊實力打臉霍頓，游泳專業術語來一波

在國際泳聯游泳世錦賽上，孫楊面對質疑與挑釁，用實力證明了一切！

在已經結束的2017年國際泳聯游泳世錦賽男子400米自由式決賽中，孫楊更是奪得冠軍！

實現了世錦賽該項目的三連冠！

為了更熟悉游泳項目，今天，我們就來一波游泳的相關術語吧！

通用

游泳：swimming; natation

遊程：course

短池比賽：short-course meet

短距離比賽：sprint; dash

中距離游泳：middle-distance swimming

長距離游泳：(long-)distance swimming

超長距離[馬拉松式]游泳：ultradistance [marathon] swimming

渡峽游泳：channel swimming

冬泳：winter swimming

項目

10.游泳姿勢：swimming stroke

11.爬泳：crawl（stroke)

12.美國式爬泳（六次打腿）：American crawl

13.澳大利亞式爬泳（兩次打腿）：Australian [two-beat] crawl

14.自由式：freestyle; free stroke

15.仰［背］泳：backstroke；back crawl

16.蛙泳：breaststroke

17.高航式蛙泳：high sail breaststroke

18.波浪式蛙泳：wave breaststroke

19.蝶泳：butterfly

20.海豚泳：dolphin

21.混合泳：medley stroke

22.個人混合泳：individual medley

23.接力游泳：relay

24.自由式接力：freestyle relay

25.混合泳接力：medley relay

26.接力中的交接：relay change; take-over

27.側泳：sidestroke

28.單臂出水側游：northern stroke; overarm sidestroke

29.潛水運動：underwater sports

30.潛水：（skin) diving; underwater swimming

31.屏氣潛泳：holding-breath diving; diving with bated breath

32.蹼泳：fin swimming

33.器泳：scuba swimming

人員

34.游泳運動員：swimmer

35.短距離游泳運動員：sprinter; dash man；dasher

36.長距離游泳運動員：distance swimmer

37.蝶泳運動員：butterfly swimmer; flyer

38.個人混合泳運動員：individual medleyist

39.全面的游泳運動員：all-round swimmer

40.潛水運動員：（skin）diver

41.蹼泳運動員：fin-swimmer

42.冬泳者：winter swimmer; polar bear

43.姿勢裁判員：stroke judge

44.轉身裁判員：turning judge

45.終點裁判員：finishing [placing] judge

46.記趟裁判員：lap counter

47.遊程計算員：clerk of course

48.救生員：lifeguard; lifesaver; Rescuer

規則與裁判

49.分組賽：heat

50.出發信號：starting signal

51.各就位：Take your marks!

52.出發犯規：false [illegal] start

53.過早出發：beat the gun

54.重遊：re-swim

55.回表：Clear watches.

56.轉身犯規：illegal turn

57.趟：lap

58.分段：segment

59.成績(以時間計算）：time

60.分段成績：split [lap] time

61.中間成績：intermediate time

62.水溫：water temperature

出發

63.出發姿勢：starting position

64.立定出發：stationary start

65.抓台式出發：grab start

66.出發時的蹬腿：takeoff kick

67.出發跳水：starting dive [plunge]

68.跳入水中：take [plunge into] the water

69.入水淺的跳水：shallow［flat; surface] dive

轉身

70.觸池壁：touch

71.蹬壁：pushoff

72.轉身：turn

73.水平轉身：horizontal turn；feathering

74.平轉身（仰泳）：pivot turn

75.側[拉邊]轉身：lateral turn; tumble-turn

76.滾翻：flip over

77.滾翻轉身：flip-turn; somersault turn

78.半滾翻轉身：semi-flip turn

臂部動作

79.臂部動作：arm movement

80.划水[臂]：（arm）pull; stroke; paddle

81.劈水動作（蛙泳）：wedge action

82.划水動作效率：stroke efficiency

83.划水動作錯誤：stroke defect

84.划水幅度：distance per stroke

85.划水周期：arm cycle

86.劃臂動作的力學原理：stroke mechanics

87.手入水：hand entry

88.入水臂：leading arm

89.手入水過深：digging

90.手伸得過遠：overreaching

91.抱［抓］水：catch; grip; purchase

92.攪動水面：churn the surface

93.長劃臂：long arm pull

94.直臂划水：straight arm stroke

95.屈臂划水：bent arm [elbow] pull

96.沉肘划水：dropped elbow pull

97.高提肘划水：over the barrel

98.向下壓水：downward press

99.連續劃臂動作：continuous strokes

100.反覆划水：repeat pulls

101.快頻率動作：racing stroke

102.兩臂同時划水：double overarm

103.兩臂交替划水：alternate arm [hand-over-hand] stroke

104.雙臂仰泳：double overarm back-stroke

105.手臂交叉動作：scything arm action

106.魚鰭式划水（仰臥並腿，兩手身旁上下打水）：finning

107.前交叉（一臂等待另一臂）：catch-up stroke

108.特拉金式爬泳（兩臂輪換出水，兩腿剪水，單側呼吸：trudge(o)n

109.曲線動作：circular motion

110.曲線擺動：circular swinging motion; circular wind-up

111.直線划水路線：straight through pull

112.半直線划水路線：modified straight line pull

113.鑰匙洞形划水路線：keyhole pull

114.反問號形划水路線：inverted question mark pull

115.漏斗形划水路線：hourglass pull

116.雙「S」形划水路線（蝶泳）：double "S" pull

117.鋸齒形[小「S」形］划水路線：zigzag pull

118.手臂出水：overarm；overhand

119.移臂：recovery of the arm

120.加快移臂或收腿動作：rushed recovery

121.兩臂或兩腿分開的距離：spread

122.手腿配合：arm-leg relationship

腿部動作

123.打［踢］水：kick

124.交替打腿：alternate［flutter] kick

125.交叉打腿：crossover kick

126.魚尾式打腿：fishtail kick

127.剪式打腿：scissors kick

128.反剪式打腿：reverse scissors kick

129.快速打腿：sprinting kick

130.向上打腿：upbeat

131.向下打腿：downbeat

132.兩次打腿：two-beat kick

133.兩次交叉打水：two-beat crossover kick

134.直上直下打腿：kick up and down

135.直上直下兩次打腿：straight two-beat kick

136.反覆打腿：repeat kicks

137.划水一周的打腿次數：beats per stroke

138.仰泳打腿：back crawl kick

139.海豚式打腿：dolphin kick

140.蹬腿［水］：leg drive [push]

141.蛙泳蹬腿：breaststroke [frog；thrust] kick

142.蹬腿寬度：width of kick

143.窄蹬腿：narrow [whip] kick

144.寬蹬腿：wedge kick

145.向後蹬：kick backward

146.斜向蹬腿：diagonal thrust

147.兩側蹬腿：lateral thrust

148.兩腿交替蹬水：bicycle pedaling

149.收腿：recovery of the leg

150.踩水：treading water

身體位置

151.身體中線：center[medium」line of the body

152.軀幹位置：trunk position

153.身體平衡：body balance

154.浮力：buoyancy

155.浮出水面：surface

156.浮在水面：keep afloat

157.浸入水中：submerge

158.下沉：drop; sink

159.水面線（蛙泳中頭的位置）：waterline

160.俯臥姿勢：face down; prone position

161.仰臥姿勢：back floating position

162.俯臥漂游姿勢：prone float

163.流線型姿勢：streamlined position

164.低頭：drop the head

165.弓背[身] ：arch the back

166.時起時伏（在水中）：ducking; undulation

167.滑行：glide

呼吸

168.呼吸：breathe; respire

169.呼氣：breathe out; exhale

170.吸氣：breathe in; inhale

171.閉[屏]氣：hold one's breath

172.換氣：change breath

173.呼吸控制：breath control

174.呼吸率：breathing rate

175.抬頭（呼吸時）：lift the head

176.早呼吸法：early breathing

177.晚吸氣：late[delayed] breathing

178.正常呼吸法：normal breathing

179.有節奏的呼吸：rhythmical breathing

180.深呼吸：deep breathing

181.淺呼吸：shallow breathing

182.均勻呼吸：regular [even] breathing

183.爆髮式吸氣：explosive breathing

184.側面呼吸：side breathing

185.兩側呼吸法：bilateral breathing

186.呼吸側：breathing side

187.呼吸側手臂：breathing arm

188.非呼吸側：non-breathing side

189.非呼吸側手臂：non-breathing arm

190.兩次劃臂呼吸法：two-stroke breathing

191.四次劃臂呼吸法：four-stroke breathing

192.喘氣：gasp; pant; out of breath

193.呼吸急促：broken winded

194.憋氣：labored breathing

195.呼吸困難：respiratory difficulty

訓練

196.入水前準備活動：pre-water exercise

197.水上準備活動：warm-up swimming

198.分段游：splits；broken swim

199.分段游組：broken set

200.年齡分組游泳：age-group swimming

201.短於主項距離的游泳：under-distance swimming

202.超主項距離的游泳：over-distance swimming

203.陸上練習：land drill [practice]

204.加速游：pick-up

205.等速游：even-pace swimming

206.中速游：moderate effort swimming

207.慢速長游：long easy swimming

208.變速游練習：alternating slow-fast set

209.速度忽高忽低：speed fluctuation

210.任意變速游：speed play; fartlek

211.後半程加速游：negative split

212.時停時進游：stop-and-go swimming

213.俯仰交替游：spinning swim

214.帶游；速度誘導：pacemaking; pacesetting

215.反覆游：repeat swim

216.等速反覆游：straight set of repeats

217.減距反覆游：decreasing-distance repeats

218.逐個加快反覆游組：progressive sets

219.綜合反覆游組：mixed set of repeats

220.逐個減慢反覆游組：regressive set

221.逐個加快和逐個減慢交替游組：alternating progressive-regressive set

222.耐力游：endurance swimming

223.強度游：effort swim

224.放鬆游：easy [loosening-down] swim

225.恢復性游：wake-up swim

226.循環遊法：circle swimming pattern

227.梯形游：locomotive; pyramid

228.階梯增進：staircase

229.衝刺練習：sprint work

230.訓練呼吸的衝刺：wind sprint

231.間歇訓練：interval training

232.快游間歇訓練：fast interval training

233.慢游間歇訓練：slow interval training

234.全力計時游：all-out time trial

235.游量：swimming load

236.水的壓力：water pressure

237.迎面阻力：frontal［head-on］resistance

238.身後旋渦阻力：eddy resistance; tail suction

239.水感：feel of the water

救生

240.救護站：lifesaving station

241.救生對象（指溺者）：subject

242.拖帶（溺者）：carry

243.胸前拖帶：cross-chest carry

244.扣頸拖帶：neck carry

245.托頭拖帶：head carry

246.托下頦拖帶：chin carry

247.抓發拖帶：hair carry

248.人工呼吸：artificial respiration; rescue breathing

249.嘴對嘴人工呼吸：mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

250.救活：resuscitate

場地與器材

251.游泳池：(swimming) pool；bath; tank

252.短池：short course

253.室內游泳館：indoor pool; natatorium

254.露天游泳池：open-air swimming pool

255.有看台的游泳場：swimming stadium

256.深水池： deep pool; swimmers' pool

257.淺水池：non-swimmers' pool

258.兒童池：wading pool

259.泳道：lane

260.分道線：lane [course］rope

261.池端：end wall

262.深端：deep end

263.淺端：shallow end

264.出發池端：starting edge

265.出發台：starting block [platform]

266.出發握手器：starting bar [grip]

267.終點池端：finish end

268.池端目標標誌線：target line

269.轉身標誌線：turn indicator

270.觸板：touch board [panel]

271.電子計時觸板：electronic timing pad

272.長的一邊：length side

273.扶手：handrail

274.池邊地面：deck

275.池緣：curb; deck edge

276.水槽：gutter

277.逆泳槽：swimmer's treadmill

278.池底：floor; bottom

279.池底標誌線：bottom line

280.浮標：buoy; float

281.浮具：buoying device

282.水下觀察窗：underwater viewing window

283.水下影片：underwater movie

284.氯化器：chlorinator

285.游泳衣：swimsuit; swimming suit

286.游泳褲：trunks; bathing slips

287.套身游泳服：full-body swimwear

288.「鱉魚皮」游泳服：Fastskin swimsuit

289.游泳帽：swim cap

290.浴衣：bathing suit; bath-wrap; gown

291.游泳護目鏡：swim goggles

292.腳蹼：fins; flippers

293.手蹼：webbed gloves

294.潛水面罩：face plate

295.潛水護目鏡：lunettes

296.護鼻塞：nose guard

297.潛泳面罩：diving [face] mask

298.通氣［呼吸］管：snorkel

299.潛水呼吸器；水肺：aqualung

300.自攜式水下呼吸器：scuba（self-contained underwater breathing apparatus）

301.套口：aqualung mouthpiece; snorkel tube

302.打水板：flutter[kick」board

303.水板：paddle

304.救生圈：life buoy

305.救生衣：life jacket