World Bank economic outlookFather of PeaceGaltung's theory of peace-buildingUCDPTRANSCEND University PressViolence in War and Peace: An Anthology eBookViolence in War and Peace ebookViolence in War and Peace PDFThe ripple effects of war: How violence can persist after formal ...
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The violence they had experienced their whole lives through war persisted within their homes and communities even when formal peace was declared ... Skiptomaincontent PublishedonDevelopmentforPeace Therippleeffectsofwar:HowviolencecanpersistafterformalpeaceisdeclaredJocelynKelly|August14,2018 Thispagein: English Email Share Tweet Share Comment Thispagein:Français | Español Agroupofmen,women,andchildreninKenya.©CurtCarnemark/WorldBank WhenIfirstvisitedtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongoin2007asapublichealthresearcher,Iwastryingtounderstandthecomplexissueofhowyoungmengetrecruitedintorebelgroupsinwar-tornregionsofcentralAfrica.WhatIlearnedwasbothsurprisingandheartbreaking:apersonwhoexperiencedwarviolenceasachildcouldbemorelikelytoengageinconflictasayoungadult.Youngmenwhohadexperiencedextremewarviolenceintheirpastwouldoftenstatethisasareasontotakeuparms.Evenmoretragically,thesesameyoungmenwouldoftenstruggletoreintegratepeacefullyintotheircommunitieswhenhostilitiesended.Theviolencetheyhadexperiencedtheirwholelivesthroughwarpersistedwithintheirhomesandcommunitiesevenwhenformalpeacewasdeclared. Iwasstruckbythe“cyclicality”ofconflict.Evenwhenfragilepeacewasdeclared,warhadtraumatizedpopulationsthathadexperiencedhighlevelsofviolence.Theyweredeeplyaffectedbytheseexperiences.Itbeggedthequestion:doeswarviolencemorphintolessvisibleformsofviolencethatcontinuetoaffectcommunitiesevenafterbulletsstopflying?Sadly,thisisaparticularlypressingquestionnow. Currently,thelevelsofpoliticalconflictintheworldareamongthehighestsincethecoldwar.TheworldishosttothelargestnumberofrefugeessinceWorldWarII.Theneedtounderstandhowtotrulyendconflictandbuildsustainablepeaceismorepressingthanever.Inresponsetothesecrises,theWorldBankandUnitedNationspublishedaflagshipstudy,PathwaysforPeace:InclusiveApproachestoPreventingViolentConflict.Thereporthighlightstheimportanceofaddressingthelong-termimpactofconflict.Thisisparticularlydifficultwhenwarshavebecomeevermorecomplex,prolongedanddiffuse. AspartofthePathwaysforPeacereport,Iundertookresearchtoexplorethelong-termimpactofconflict.Bycombiningdataabouthealthandconflict,andusingmathematicalmodelingtechniques,wecanexposepreviouslyhiddenpatternsinhumanbehavior.Iwantedtoexaminewhetherwarcouldaffectthelevelsofviolenceagainstwomeninasociety,evenafterpeacewasdeclared.Forthiseffort,Itookdatafromthreeconflict-affectedcountries:Côted’Ivoire,Kenya,andLiberia.Althougheachcountryhadadifferenttypeofconflict,similarpatternsemergedfromeachcontext.Indistrictsthatexperiencedhigherlevelsofconflictviolence,intimatepartnerviolence(orIPV,whichisphysical,sexual,orpsychologicalharmcommittedbyapartnerorspouse)againstwomenwasalsosignificantlyhigherlongaftertheconflicthadended. InKenyaandLiberia,womenlivinginadistrictwithconflictfatalitieswere50percentmorelikelytoexperienceIPVthanwomenindistrictswithnoconflictfatalities.Whenlevelsofconflictaresplitintolow,medium,andhighlevels,Côted’IvoireandKenyahadsignificantlyhigherlevelsofIPVinhigh-comparedtolow-conflictdistricts. IPVisnotoriouslyhardtostudyatthebestoftimesduetounderreportingofthissensitiveissue.Incountriesjustemergingfromwar,itiseasytolethiddenformsofviolencefallbythewayside.Yet,IPVandotherformsofsexualviolencehavedevastatingeffects.IPVaffectsnotonlythevictim,butalsothevictim’schildren,familyandthecommunityasawhole.Childrenwholiveinhomeswithdomesticviolencearealsomorelikelytobecomevictimsorperpetratorsofthisabusewhentheygrowup,furtherperpetuatingcyclesofconflict.ButthoughtfulpublichealthprogrammingcanhelppreventandaddressIPVandotherformsofviolence. Theseresultssuggestthathumanaggressiondoesnotimmediatelyendwiththesigningofpeaceaccords.Rather,itmaypersistandmorphintosubsequentdamagingforms,includingIPVandsexualviolence.Ignoringpost-conflictviolenceduringthereconstructionphasecanhamperthesocialhealing,resiliency,andeconomicrecoveryofanation.IfIPVandsexualviolenceremainanunrecognizedpost-conflictproblem,thenconflictresolutionswillamounttoonlyaprecariouspeace,andthestabilityofnationswillbeundermined. Topics FragilityConflictandViolence Gender UrbanDevelopment JocelynKelly FoundingDirector,WomeninWarProgram,HarvardHumanitarianInitiative MoreBlogsByJocelyn OratileMakgoba November19,2021 Thisistruewhatiswrittenhereabouttheaftereffectsofwar.I'mcurrentlyworkingforGautengProvincialGovernmentMilitaryVeteransProgrammeandsomeliveshavebeenpermanentlydamagedbywarorarmedconflictandthosewhohaveparticipatedintheSouthAfricanConflictfrombothsidesofthewarmustaccessmentalhealthservicestohelpthemcopewiththedemandsoflifeastheyarereintegratedbackintosociety.Sometimesreintegrationremainsinpaperonly,unlessthescarsofwararecompletelymanagedorremoved. Thanks. Oratile GautengProvince
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