Socio-ecological Model - Prevent Connect Wiki

Socio-ecological Model. The Ecological Model explains the occurrence of violence against women and helps identify potential prevention strategies. SkipNavigation WikiCategories AboutPrevention Planning&EvaluatingPrevention MakingaCaseforPrevention Archived PreventioninAction Campus ChildSexualAbuse Socio-ecologicalModel TheEcologicalModelexplainstheoccurrenceofviolenceagainstwomenandhelpsidentifypotentialpreventionstrategies.AccordingtoGlanz,Rimer,andViswanathinHealthBehaviorandHealthEducation:Theory,Research,andPractice(2008),“Thismodelproposesthatindividual,interpersonal,community,organizational,andsocietalfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenplanningandimplementinghealthpromotioninterventions,becausetheyhavedirectandindirectinfluencesonlifestyle,behaviorchoices,andhealth.”(Israel,Checkoway,Schulz,andZimmerman,1994;McLeroy,Bibeau,Steckler,andGlanz,1988). FromtheCDC: TheCDC’smodelisconstructedwithfourlevels:individual,relationship,community,andsociety.Primarypreventionstrategiesthatworkacrossthesedifferentlevelsandincludemulti-levelprogramsarethemosteffectiveinchangingbehavior. Imagesource:http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/SVPrevention-a.pdf TheCDCViolencePreventionDivisionclarifiesthefourmainlevels: Individual Thefirstlevelidentifiesbiologicalandpersonalhistoryfactorsthatincreasethelikelihoodofbecomingavictimorperpetratorofviolence.Someofthesefactorsareage,education,income,substanceuse,orhistoryofabuse.Preventionstrategiesatthislevelareoftendesignedtopromoteattitudes,beliefs,andbehaviorsthatultimatelypreventviolence.Specificapproachesmayincludeeducationandlifeskillstraining. Relationship Thesecondlevelexaminescloserelationshipsthatmayincreasetheriskofexperiencingviolenceasavictimorperpetrator.Aperson’sclosestsocialcircle-peers,partnersandfamilymembers-influencestheirbehaviorandcontributestotheirrangeofexperience.Preventionstrategiesatthislevelmayincludementoringandpeerprogramsdesignedtoreduceconflict,fosterproblemsolvingskills,andpromotehealthyrelationships. Community Thethirdlevelexploresthesettings,suchasschools,workplaces,andneighborhoods,inwhichsocialrelationshipsoccurandseekstoidentifythecharacteristicsofthesesettingsthatareassociatedwithbecomingvictimsorperpetratorsofviolence.Preventionstrategiesatthislevelaretypicallydesignedtoimpacttheclimate,processes,andpoliciesinagivensystem.Socialnormandsocialmarketingcampaignsareoftenusedtofostercommunityclimatesthatpromotehealthyrelationships.Buildingcollaborativepartnershipsmayalsobepartofchangingcommunity. Societal Thefourthlevellooksatthebroadsocietalfactorsthathelpcreateaclimateinwhichviolenceisencouragedorinhibited.Thesefactorsincludesocialandculturalnorms.Otherlargesocietalfactorsincludethehealth,economic,educationalandsocialpoliciesthathelptomaintaineconomicorsocialinequalitiesbetweengroupsinsociety. SpecificTypesofViolencePreventionTheCDC’sVetoViolencewebsiteincludessocialecologicalmodelsforspecifictypesofviolencepreventionincludingchildabuseandneglect,intimatepartnerviolence,sexualviolenceandyouthviolence. ImageSource:http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/index.php/violence-prevention-basics-the-social-ecological-model/ ImageSource:http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/index.php/violence-prevention-basics-the-social-ecological-model/ ImageSource:http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/index.php/violence-prevention-basics-the-social-ecological-model/ ImageSource:http://vetoviolence.cdc.gov/index.php/violence-prevention-basics-the-social-ecological-model/ FromBlackWomen’sBlueprint: BlackWomen’sBlueprintpublishedanexpanded,culturallyspecificsocio-ecologicalmodel.Theexpandedlayersincludeastructuralandhistoricalanalysistoviolence,andanenvironmentallevelandspiritualthrough-linearein-development.ReadmorefromtheBlackWomen’sBlueprintwebsiteandthefulldocumenthere. Fromothersources: Others,includingGlanz,Rimer,andViswanath,includeafifthlevelofthesocialecology:theinstitutionallevel.Theinstitutionallevelincludescharacteristicsandformalandinformalrulesofsocialinstitutionsandorganizations.Thesefactorscouldincludeorganizationalpolicy,gendermakeupoforganizationalleadership,exclusionofagroupofpeoplefromparticipatinginasocialinstitutionsuchasmarriageorpublicschool,etc. ImageSource:https://www.acha.org/HealthyCampus/Implement/Ecological_Model/HealthyCampus/Ecological_Model.aspx?hkey=f5defc87-662e-4373-8402-baf78d569c78 References DahlbergLL,KrugEG.Violence-aglobalpublichealthproblem.In:KrugE,DahlbergLL,MercyJA,ZwiAB,LozanoR,eds.WorldReportonViolenceandHealth.Geneva,Switzerland:WorldHealthOrganization;2002:1–56.Availableathttp://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/overview/social-ecologicalmodel.html Heise,Lori.L(1998)ViolenceAgainstWomen:AnIntegrated,EcologicalFramework,ViolenceAgainstWomen,Vol.4,No.3,262-290 CDCDescriptionofSocialEcologicalModelasappliedtoviolenceprevention WHOTheWorldreportonviolenceandhealth(2002) CDC,SexualViolencePrevention:BeginningtheDialogue