(PDF) Difference Between Gene and Genome - ResearchGate

Genome: The genome is the all set of nuclear DNA. Most of the times DNA exists as chromosomes. ... Gene: A gene is a part  ... ArticlePDFAvailableDifferenceBetweenGeneandGenomeFebruary2017Authors:LaknaPanawalaTheBiologyBlog-WELCOMETOTHEWORLDOFBIOLOGYDownloadfull-textPDFReadfull-textDownloadfull-textPDFReadfull-textDownloadcitationCopylinkLinkcopiedReadfull-textDownloadcitationCopylinkLinkcopiedCitations(1)Figures(1)FiguresGenome… Figures-uploadedbyLaknaPanawalaAuthorcontentAllfigurecontentinthisareawasuploadedbyLaknaPanawalaContentmaybesubjecttocopyright.Discovertheworld'sresearch20+millionmembers135+millionpublications700k+researchprojectsJoinforfreePublicFull-text1ContentuploadedbyLaknaPanawalaAuthorcontentAllcontentinthisareawasuploadedbyLaknaPanawalaonFeb19,2017Contentmaybesubjecttocopyright. 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/1/8Home»Science»Biology»CellBiology»DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenomeDifferenceBetweenGeneandGenomeFebruary17,2017•byLakna•5minread2MainDifference–GenevsGenomeGeneticinformationofacellisstoredinchemicalforminDNAorRNA.Theorderofthenucleotidebasesarrangedinthepolynucleotidechaindeterminesthegeneticinstructions.Ageneisasequencestretchofnucleotideswhichencodesaspecificprotein.HumanshavethousandsofgenesintheirtotalDNAmolecules.TheentirenuclearDNAiscalledthegenomeofanorganism.ThisDNAispackedintochromosomestructures.AllgenesequencesarecallednonrepetitiveDNA.AgenomehasmanyDNAsequencesandthesearecalledrepetitiveDNA.ThisrepetitiveDNAalsohasafunctioninthegeneregulation.ThekeydifferencebetweengeneandgenomeisthatageneisalocusonaDNAmoleculewhereasgenomeisatotalnuclearDNA.Thisarticlestudies,1.WhatisaGene–Definition,Features,Structure2.WhatisaGenome–Definition,Features,Structure3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenGeneandGenomeEXPLORETypeheretosearch...$99MicrobialGenomeSeqLibPrep+Seq,50x+coverageHighqualitylibraryprepandsequencing,FastTurnaround,VolumeDiscountsseqwell.com/products/plexwell 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/2/8WhatisaGeneAgeneisalocusorasequencestretchontheDNApolynucleotidestrand.Itencodesanaminoacidsequenceofaspecificproteinandisrecognizedasthemolecularunitofhereditary.Thegeneticinstructionstransferintoprogenythroughgenesviareproduction.ThousandsofgenescanbefoundwithinasingleDNAmoleculeofhigherorganisms.AgenesequenceistranscribedintoRNA;RNAistranslatedintoproteinswhichconsequentlydeterminetraits.Thisisthecentraldogmaofmolecularbiology.TheconceptofthegeneanditspatternofinheritanceoriginatedwiththefindingsofGregorMendelin1860s.Thestudyofthepropertiesofgenesorgroupofgenesisreferredtoasgenetics.MostgenesaremadeupofDNAbutafewmaybemadeofRNA.SomevirusesaremadeupofRNAgenessincetheirgeneticmaterialisRNA.Inprokaryotes,operonsareformedbygroupingthefunctionallyrelatedgenes.Themultipleproteincodingsequencesaretranscribedtogether.Eukaryoticgenestructureismainlycomposedoftworegions:codingsequenceandthe 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/3/8regulatorysequence.Eukaryoticcodingsequenceconsistsofexons,intronsanduntranslatedregionswhereasprokaryoticgeneslackintrons.Genesaretranscribedwiththeintrons.Consequently,theyareremovedbysplicingofexons.Ontheotherhand,multipleproteinscanbeproducedbyalternativesplicing.Geneexpressionisregulatedattranscriptionalandtranslationallevel.Variationsofagenearereferredtoasitsalleles.Differentallelesofthesamegeneproducedifferentphenotypesamongthepopulation.Figure1:GeneWhatisaGenomeThewholesetofnuclearDNAofanorganismisreferredtoasthegenome.MostofthegenomesconsistofDNAalthoughsomevirusesarecomposedofRNAgenomes.Organellessuchasmitochondriaandchloroplastarecomposedoftheirowngenomescalledmitochondrialgenomeandchloroplastgenomerespectively.ThegenomeconsistsofbothcodinggenesandnoncodingjunkDNA.Thesizeofthegenomeincreasesproportionatelytothemorphologicalcomplexityoforganisms.Thehumangenomecontains3.2billionbasepairs.Itconsistsofabout25,000genesinit.MostDNAsequencesinthehumangenomecontainjunkDNA.DNApolynucleotidechainsareorganizedintoindividualchromosomes.Thehumangenomeiscomposedof22homologouspairsofautosomesand2sexchromosomes.Someorganismsarecomposedofmultiplecopiesofgenomes.Anorganism,whichhasasinglecopyofgenomeiscalledahaploidorganism.Multiplecopiesarecalleddiploid,triploidandtetraploid.Thehumangenomeisadiploidgenome.Sexuallyreproducingorganismshavehalfofthechromosomenumberingametescomparedtotheirsomaticcells.GeneexpressionMagbeadsTheRibosomeCompanyBetterRNAseqandRiboseqcombinedwiththerightbeadforeveryexperimentimmaginabiotech.com 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/4/8Agenomeofauniqueorganismisreferredtoasthegeneticmakeupofthatparticularorganism.ThehumangenomewasfullysequencedandmappedbytheHumanGenomeProject.Horizontalgenetransferandtheduplicationofsequencescausethegenomeevolution.Duplicationcanbetheduplicationofgeneclusters,shorttandemrepeats,wholechromosomesoreventheentiregenome.Genomicsisthestudyofgenomesoftherelatedorganisms.Figure2:GenomeDifferenceBetweenGeneandGenomeDefinitionGene:Thegeneisthehereditaryelementofgeneticinformation.Itisalocuswithinachromosome.Genome:ThegenomeistheallsetofnuclearDNA.MostofthetimesDNAexistsaschromosomes.ContentGene:AgeneisapartofaDNAmolecule.Genome:ThegenomeisthetotalDNAinacell.EncodingGene:Ageneencodesproteinsynthesis.Genome:Agenomeencodesbothproteinsandregulatoryelementsforproteinsynthesis.LengthGene:Thelengthofageneisaboutafewhundredsofbases.Genome:Thelengthofthegenomeofahigherorganismisaboutbillionbasepairs.Number 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/5/8Gene:Ahigherorganismcontainsaboutthousandsofgenes.Genome:Eachorganismcontainsonlyonegenome.ContributiontotheEvolutionGene:Variationsofthegenearereferredtoasalleles.Theseallelescanbenaturallyselected.Genome:Horizontalgenetransferandtheduplicationcauselargevariationsinthegenome.StudyGene:Thestudyofthepropertiesofthegenesisgenetics.Genome:Thestudyofthepropertiesoftherelatedgenomesisgenomics.ConclusionThevariationsofthegenewhicharecalledallelesarecreatedbypointmutations.Pointmutationsoccuratbasepairlevel.Ontheotherhand,thechangesthatoccuratthegenomeleveliscomparativelylarge.Horizontalgenetransferandgeneduplicationintroduceandincreasethegeneproductrespectively.Hence,themaindifferencebetweengeneandgenomeisinthesizeofthenucleotidescarriedbythem.Reference:1.SusmanM.“Genes:DefinitionandStructure.”ENCYCLOPEDIAOFLIFESCIENCES,NaturePublishingGroup,2001.Accessed09Feb.20172.SchleifR.GeneticsandMolecularBiology.2nded.,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,1993,pp.2247.Accessed09Feb.2017ImageCourtesy:1.”Humangenometogenes”(CCBY2.0)viaCommonsWikimedia2.“Genees”–Revised(PublicDomain)viaCommonsWikimedia2StartDownloadPDFNowConvertAnyFiletoaPDF.GettheFreeFromDoctoPdfApp!fromdoctopdf.com 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/6/8ViewallpostsAbouttheAuthor:LaknaLakna,agraduateinMolecularBiology&Biochemistry,isaMolecularBiologistandhasabroadandkeeninterestinthediscoveryofnaturerelatedthingsYouMayAlsoLikeTheseDNA/RNAsynthesizerAdka-lab.deDierenceBetweenDNAandGenes|...pediaa.comStartDownload-ViewPDFAdfromdoctopdf.comDierenceBetweenDNAand...pediaa.com{BloodCreatinine}-Foodforhigh...Adkidneydoctors.orgDierenceBetweenGeneandAllele|...pediaa.comHowtoFindAminoAcidSequencepediaa.comDierenceBetweenHomologous...pediaa.comCommentName*Email*WebsitePostCommentLeaveaComment 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/7/8Copyright©2017Pediaa.Com.YouMayLikeDifferenceBetweenDNAandRNADifferenceBetweenGeneandGenomeDifferenceBetweenGeneandAlleleDifferenceBetweenDNAandGenesDifferenceBetweenDNAandChromosomeContactAboutUs 2/19/2017DifferenceBetweenGeneandGenome|Definition,Structure,Function,Comparisonhttp://pediaa.com/differencebetweengeneandgenome/8/8 Citations(1)References(0)AGenePredictionFunctionforType2DiabetesMellitususingLogisticRegressionConferencePaperApr2020HalaAlshamlanHindBinTalebAreejAlSahowResearchGatehasnotbeenabletoresolveanyreferencesforthispublication.AdvertisementRecommendationsDiscovermoreProjectBiologyLaknaPanawalaViewprojectProjectTaxonomyLaknaPanawalaViewprojectProjectHumanAnatomyLaknaPanawalaViewprojectProjectEvolutionLaknaPanawalaViewprojectDataFull-textavailableTableS15August2012DanielWuttkeRichardConnorChintanVora[...]JoaoPedrodeMagalhaescis-regulatorymotifenrichmentinyeastDR-suppressedgenes.Motifscorrespondingtotranscriptionfactorswereusedtoscanthegenomeforthepresencewithinthe500bpupstreamregionsofDR-suppressedgenes. (XLS)Viewfull-textDataFull-textavailableTableS5July2004AndrewFortnaYoungKimErikJMaclaren[...]JamesSikelaGOAnalysisComparingHLSandLSGenestotheWholeGenome (52KBDOC).Viewfull-textDataFull-textavailableDataS7January2009XiangqinCuiAnnLoraineGeneStructureInspectionResults.ResultsfrommanualinspectionofgenestructuresusingtheIntegratedGenomeBrowserforthe70geneswithtwopresentredundantprobesetsthatshowsignificantdifferentfoldchangesbetweentwobrainregions. (0.03MBXLS)Viewfull-textConferencePaperComputingtheSummedAdjacencyDisruptionNumberbetweenTwoGenomeswithDuplicateGenesUsingPseu...September2009JoãoDelgadoInêsLynceVascoManquinhoTheincreasingnumberoffullysequencedgenomeshasledtothestudyofgenomerearrangements.Severalapproacheshavebeen proposedtosolvethisproblem,allofthembeingeithertoocomplextobesolvedefficientlyortoosimpletobeapplied togenomesofcomplexorganisms.Thelatestchallengehasbeentoovercometheproblemofhavinggenomeswithduplicategenes. Thisledtothe...[Showfullabstract]definitionofmatchingmodelsandsimilaritymeasures.Theideaistofindamatchingbetweengenesintwo genomes,inordertodisambiguatethedataofduplicategenesandcalculateasimilaritymeasure.Theproblembecomesthat offindingamatchingthatbestpreservestheorderofgenesintwogenomes,wheregeneorderisevaluatedbyachosensimilarity measure.Thispaperpresentsanewpseudo-Booleanencodingforcomputingtheexactsummedadjacencydisruptionnumberfor twogenomeswithduplicategenes.Experimentalresultsonaγ-Proteobacteriadatasetillustratetheapproach.ReadmoreDiscovertheworld'sresearchJoinResearchGatetofindthepeopleandresearchyouneedtohelpyourwork.ResearchGateiOSAppGetitfromtheAppStorenow.InstallKeepupwithyourstatsandmoreAccessscientificknowledgefromanywhere