解剖學姿勢與指示方向的術語Anatomical Position and ...

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上和下亦可分別稱之為頭（rostral）或顱（cranial）的及尾（caudal）的 anterior和posterior 前（anterior）和後（posterior）：朝著身體的腹側稱為前，朝著身體的背側稱之為後。

前又稱為腹（ventral），後又稱為背（dorsal） medial和lateral 內側（medial）和外側（lateral）：朝著身體的中央線稱之為內側，遠離身體的中央線稱之為外側 internal和external 內（internal）和外（external）：朝著身體的體內稱為內，反之朝著身體的外表稱為外 proximal和distal 近側（proximal）和遠側（distal）：如器官是水平放置，則近中央線者稱為近側，遠離中央線稱為遠側；如器官是上下縱置著，則朝向頭側稱為近側，朝向腳側稱為遠側 deep和superficial 深（deep）和淺（superficial）：朝向體表稱之為淺，遠離體表稱之為深 afferent和efferent 向心（afferent）和離心（efferent）：這組名稱用於神經和血管之表示。

如果神經或血管流向器官，這些神經或血管稱之為向心（輸入；傳入）性的；若血管或神經流出器官，則這些血管或神經稱之為離心（輸出；傳出）性的 longitudinalsection 縱切（longitudinalsection）：依上下軸切開身體或器官，分成左右兩半。

縱切又因通過或平行於頭顱（cranium）的矢狀縫合（sagittalsuture），又稱為矢狀切（sagittalsection）。

如果矢狀切的結果是將身體或器官切成左右相等的兩半，則稱為正中矢狀切（midsagittalsection）。

frontalsection 額切（frontalsection）：依左右軸而將身體或器官切開，分成前後兩部分。

額切又因經過頭顱的冠狀縫合（frontalsuture），又稱為冠狀切（coronalsection） transverse;crosssection 橫切（transverse;crosssection）：依上下軸將身體或器官做垂直的切開，分成上下兩部分。

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