General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) - Nurse Key

Total scores range from 0 to 36 with a score of 11 or 12 considered typical, scores > 15 suggesting evidence of distress, and scores > 20 are ... NurseKey FastestNurseInsightEngine Home LogIn Register Categories MEDICALASSISSTANT MIDWIFERY NURSING GENERAL MoreReferences AbdominalKey AnesthesiaKey BasicmedicalKey Otolaryngology&Ophthalmology MusculoskeletalKey NeupsyKey NurseKey Obstetric,GynecologyandPediatric Oncology&Hematology PlasticSurgery&Dermatology ClinicalDentistry RadiologyKey ThoracicKey VeterinaryMedicine GoldMembership Contact Menu GeneralHealthQuestionnaire(GHQ-12) CHAPTER66:GENERALHEALTHQUESTIONNAIRE(GHQ-12) Description TheGeneralHealthQuestionnaire(GHQ-12)byGoldberg(1976)isaself-administeredquestionnairedesignedtodetectpersonsthataresymptomaticoratriskofdevelopingthecommon,non-psychoticmentalhealthproblemsassociatedwithdepression,anxiety,somaticsymptoms,andsocialdysfunction(Jackson,2007).Designedforthegeneralpopulation,availableversionsincludethe60-,30-,28-,andthe12-item(GHQ-12)versions.TheGHQ-12wasintroducedin1988andisnowconsideredoneofthemostextensivelyusedoutcomemeasuresacrossanumberofhealthprofessions(delPilarSánchez-López&Dresch,2008).TheGHQ-12coversseveraldomainsassociatedwithaperson’spsychologicalwell-beingandiswordedinsuchawayastocomprisesixpositiveandsixnegativeitemsconcerningthepastfewweeksofaperson’slifeandincludessuchitemsas“Haveyourecentlyfeltcapableofmakingdecisionsaboutthings?”while,negativeitemsinclude“Haveyourecentlyfeltconstantlyunderstrain?”(Hu,Stewart-Brown,Twigg,&Weich,2007).Positivelywordeditemshaveresponsesof“betterthanusual,”“sameasusual,”“lessthanusual,”and“muchlessthanusual,”whileresponsestonegativelywordeditemsare“notatall,”“nomorethanusual,”“rathermorethanusual,”and“muchmorethanusual.”Scoringisalonga4-pointordinalscale(0to3)withhigherscoressuggestiveofmoredistress.TheGHQ-12canbecompletedinlessthan10minutes. Psychometrics Astudyof897menand911women(59%≥50yearsold)determinedthatCronbach’salphacoefficients(estimatesofreliability)were0.83formenand0.85forwomen(Doi&Minowa,2003).WhereasKihcetal.(1997)determinedthattheinternalconsistencyoftheGHQ-12wasα=0.76,whichcomparedtoresultsoftheGHQ-30at0.92intheirstudyofastratifiedsampleof400cases(15to65yearsold).AlthoughtheGHQ-12isoftenregardedasmeasuringonlyasingledimensionofpsychologicalhealth,aconfirmatoryfactoryanalysisusingacohortof9000(meanage:41years;n=2077≥56yearsofage),suggestedthat2factorsbestdescribedassymptomsofmentaldisorder(encompassingnegativeaffect,anxiety,andimpairedmentalfunctioning)andpositivementalhealth(coveringpositivementalfunctioningandpositiveaffect)(Huetal.,2007).AsimilarstudybyGaoetal.(2004)thatcomparedsixfactormodelsrelativetothemeasure,foundthattheoneproposedbyGraetz(1991)tobethebestfit,asstrongcorrelationsbetweenthe3factorsofanxietyanddepression(4items),socialdysfunction(6items),andlossofconfidence(2items)werefound(range=0.83-0.90),suggestingthateveniftherewere3differentfactors,itwouldbedifficulttodifferentiatethem.Examplesofotherfactormodelscomparedinthestudyweregeneraldysphoria,social,andthecope,stress,anddepressmodel.AstudycomparingthelevelofagreementbetweentheGHQ-12andtheGeriatricDepressionScale(GDS-30)using1172subjects(≥60yearsold)foundmedianscorestobe2.7fortheGHQ-12and11.7fortheGDS-30withtheprevalenceofdepressivesymptomsbasedontheGHQ-12at40%and33%usingcutoffpointsof2/3and3/4,whereas50%and38%wereclassifiedasdepressedatcutoffpointsof10/11and13/14accordingtotheGDS-30(Costa,Barreto,Uchoa,&Lima-Costa,2003).Agreementbetweenthescalesrangedfrom0.50to0.60withdepressivesymptomssignificantlyhigherforwomanandthoseindividuals≥75yearsofage(Costaetal.,2003).AstudybydelPilarSánchez-LópezandDresch(2008)of1001subjects(50%between45and65yearsold)generallyconcurredwiththosefindingswheretheytooestablishedstatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenwomenandmen’sscoresat7.34and9.30,respectively.ThestudybyHuetal.(2007)discussedpreviously,however,foundthatpositivementalhealthwasmoststronglyassociatedwithyoungerage,beinginwork,beingsingle,nothavinganyfinancialstrain,andhavingnoorfewphysicalhealthproblems. Advantages ThereisasignificantamountofresearchinsupportoftheGHQ-12aswellasitsotherversionsforuseinclinicalpracticeanditisarguablyagoldstandardmeasureofthesymptomsofpsychologicaldistressinthegeneralpopulation.Severalalternativescoringmethodologieshavealsobeenproposedexpandingitsusefulness,andsinceitsintroductionin1976,theGHQhasbeentranslatedinto38differentlanguages,highlightingitsrelevanceasacross-culturalassessment(Jackson,2007).Finally,incertainpopulationsthe28-itemversionmaybeconsideredasitisamoremultidimensionaloutcomemeasurecomprising4distinctsubscales(somaticsymptoms,anxietyandinsomnia,socialdysfunction,andseveredepression)of7itemseach(Gaoetal.,2004). Disadvantages Somehavearguedthataspectsofthenegativeandpositivewordingusedbythemeasurehasalatenteffectonanswerselectionandthusonscoring.Also,theGHQ-12isdesignedtoonlygiveageneralindicationofpsychologicaldistressandshouldnotbeconsideredareplacementformorethoroughandacceptedpsychologicalassessments. Administration TheGHQ-12measurehasstandardizedinstructionsaswellasscoringinterpretationsforthecliniciantofollowandisadministeredasaself-reportinwhichthesubjectisaskedtoconsider12questionsandhowtheyrelatetohisorherpersonallifeoverthepastfewweeks.Totalscoresrangefrom0to36withascoreof11or12consideredtypical,scores>15suggestingevidenceofdistress,andscores>20areconsideredsevereproblemswithpsychologicaldistress. TABLE66-1 EXAMPLEITEMSOFTHEGENERALHEALTHQUESTIONNAIRE-12 •Haveyourecentlylostmuchsleepoverworry? •Haveyourecentlyfeltyoucouldn’tovercomeyourdifficulties? •Haveyourecentlybeenlosingconfidenceinyourself? AdaptedfromDeliveringforMentalHealth.(2007).MentalHealthandSubstanceMisuse:ConsultationDraftTheScottishGovernment.Retrievedfromwww.gov.scot/Publications/2007/06/29120532/26 Onlygoldmemberscancontinuereading.LogInorRegistertocontinue YoumayalsoneedEQ-5DandEQ-VASWorldHealthOrganizationQualityofLife—AbbreviatedVersion(WHOQOL-BREF)StrokeImpactScale(SIS)DEMQOLandDEMQOL-ProxyMeasureoftheQualityoftheEnvironment(MQE)BeckAnxietyInventory(BAI)ZaritBurdenInterview(ZBI)PerformanceAnalysisofDrivingAbility(P-Drive) Sharethis:ClicktoshareonTwitter(Opensinnewwindow)ClicktoshareonFacebook(Opensinnewwindow)ClicktoshareonGoogle+(Opensinnewwindow) Related Tags:OccupationalTherapyAssessmentforOlderAdults Jul27,2017|PostedbyadmininMEDICALASSISSTANT|CommentsOffonGeneralHealthQuestionnaire(GHQ-12) PremiumWordpressThemesbyUFOThemes WordPressthemebyUFOthemes