What does the Thalamus do? - News-Medical
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The thalamus relays sensory impulses from receptors in various parts of the body to the cerebral cortex. A sensory impulse travels from the body surface ...
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WhatdoestheThalamusdo?
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BySallyRobertson,B.Sc.ReviewedbyDr.TomislavMeštrović,MD,Ph.D.
Thedorsalthalamus,usuallysimplyreferredtoasthethalamusisasubdivisionofabrainareacalledthediencephalon,whichalsoincludestheeptithalamus,theventralthalamusandthesubthalamicthalamus.
Verticalsectionofahumanbrain.showingthemedulla,pons,cerebellum,hypothalamus,thalamus,midbrain.ImageCopyright:Designua/Shutterstock
Thethalamusrelayssensoryimpulsesfromreceptorsinvariouspartsofthebodytothecerebralcortex.Asensoryimpulsetravelsfromthebodysurfacetowardsthethalamus,whichreceivesitasasensation.Thissensationisthenpassedontothecerebralcortexforinterpretationastouch,painortemperature.
Theprevailingopinionamongexpertsisthatthethalamusservesasakindof“gate,”filteringwhichinformationfromvariouschannelsisallowedtoberelayedbyitforprocessing.Detailedresearchhasshownthatspecificthalamicneuronscanmodulateinformationaltransferbyemployingspecificdischargemodes.
Furthermore,thethalamusiscrucialforperception,with98%ofallsensoryinputbeingrelayedbyit.Theonlysensoryinformationthatisnotrelayedbythethalamusintothecerebralcortexisinformationrelatedtosmell(olfaction).
2-MinuteNeuroscience:TheThalamusPlay
Thalamicnuclei
RelatedStoriesAlarmingCOVIDstudyindicateslong-termlossofgraymatterandotherbraintissueViewingnostalgicimagesreducespainperceptionThethalamusismadeupofthreedistinctgroupsofcellsornucleiandtheseincludethefollowing:
Sensoryrelaynuclei-Theseincludetheventralposteriornucleusandthelateralandmedialgeniculatebody.Thesenucleirelayprimarysensations,bypassingspecificsensoryinformationtothecorrespondingcorticalarea.Forexample,thelateralgeniculatebodyreceivesinformationfromtheoptictract,andthenoutputsthatinformationtotheprimaryvisualcortex.
Associationnuclei-Thesereceiveinputfromspecificareasofthecerebralcortex,whichisthenprojectedbacktothecerebralcortextosomewhatgeneralizedassociationareas,wheretheyregulateactivity.
Non-specificnuclei-Theseincludetheintralaminarandmidlinethalamicnuclei,whichbothreceiveinputfromthecerebralcortexandprojectinformationdiffuselythroughit.Mostofthesenucleiinterconnectbrainactivitybetweendifferentareasofthebrainandplayaroleingeneralfunctionssuchasalerting.
Asidefromolfaction,inallsensoryprocessing,asensorysignalisreceivedbyathalamicnucleusandthendirectedtotherelevantcorticalarea.
Theinvolvementofthalamicnucleiinsensorysystems
Inthevisualsystem,thethalamusreceivesinputfromtheretina,whichisrelayedtothebrainviatheopticnerve.Signalsaresenttothelateralgeniculatenucleusofthethalamuswhichthenforwardsthemontotheprimaryvisualcortex(areaV1)intheoccipitallobe.Thethalamusnotonlyrelaystheinformationbutalsoprocessesit,aseachoftheprimarysensoryrelayareasreceivesinformationbackfromthecerebralcortex(calledbackprojections).
Ontheotherhand,themedialgeniculatenucleirelayauditoryinformationbetweentheinferiorcolliculusofthemidbrainandtheprimaryauditorycortex.Thethalamusisalsoimportantfortouch-theventralposteriornucleirelayinformationregardingtouchandperceptionofbodilypositiontotheprimarysomatosensorycortexinthecerebralcortex.
Inaddition,thethalamicnucleiarestronglyandreciprocallylinkedwiththecerebralcortex.Theseformthethalamo-cortico-thalamiccircuitswhicharethoughttoregulateconsciousnessandthethalamusplaysasignificantroleinarousal,wakefulnessandalertness.Damagetothethalamusisassociatedwithasignificantriskofcoma.
Sources
http://www.britannica.com/science/thalamus
https://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_10.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712252/
http://www.cogsci.ucsd.edu/~pineda/COGS107A/studyguide/module_08.htm
FurtherReadingAllThalamusContentThalamus-WhatistheThalamus?ThalamusDevelopment
LastUpdated:Feb27,2019
WrittenbySallyRobertsonSallyfirstdevelopedaninterestinmedicalcommunicationswhenshetookontheroleofJournalDevelopmentEditorforBioMedCentral(BMC),afterhavinggraduatedwithadegreeinbiomedicalsciencefromGreenwichUniversity.
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CitationsPleaseuseoneofthefollowingformatstocitethisarticleinyouressay,paperorreport:APARobertson,Sally.(2019,February27).WhatdoestheThalamusdo?.News-Medical.RetrievedonMay27,2022fromhttps://www.news-medical.net/health/What-does-the-Thalamus-do.aspx.MLARobertson,Sally."WhatdoestheThalamusdo?".News-Medical.27May2022.
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