MIT Media Lab - Wikipedia

Faculty and academic research staff MITMediaLab FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch ResearchlaboratoryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology MITMediaLabEstablished1985;37 yearsago (1985)[1]Budget$80million[2]Field ofresearchTechnology,multimedia,sciences,art,designDirectorDavaNewmanLocationCambridge,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesWebsitewww.media.mit.edu TheMITMediaLabisaresearchlaboratoryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,growingoutofMIT'sArchitectureMachineGroupintheSchoolofArchitecture.Itsresearchdoesnotrestricttofixedacademicdisciplines,butdrawsfromtechnology,media,science,art,anddesign.[3]Asof2014[update],MediaLab'sresearchgroupsincludeneurobiology,[4]biologicallyinspiredfabrication,[5]sociallyengagingrobots,[6]emotivecomputing,[7]bionics,[8]andhyperinstruments.[9] TheMediaLabwasfoundedin1985byNicholasNegroponteandformerMITPresidentJeromeWiesner,andishousedintheWiesnerBuilding(designedbyI.M.Pei),alsoknownasBuildingE15.TheLabhasbeenwrittenaboutinthepopularpresssince1988,whenStewartBrandpublishedTheMediaLab:InventingtheFutureatM.I.T.,anditsworkwasaregularfeatureoftechnologyjournalsinthe1990s.In2009,itexpandedintoasecondbuilding.[10] TheMediaLabcameunderscrutinyin2019duetoitsacceptanceofdonationsfromconvictedchildsexoffenderJeffreyEpstein.Thisledtotheresignationofitsdirector,JoiIto,[11]andthelaunchan"immediate,thoroughandindependent"investigationintothe"extremelyserious"and"deeplydisturbingallegationsabouttheengagementbetweenindividualsattheMediaLabandJeffreyEpstein"byPresidentofMIT.[12][13] InDecember2020,DavaNewman,professorofaeronauticsandastronauticsandformerdeputyadministratorofNASAunderObama,wasnamedthenewdirectoroftheMITMediaLab.[14] Contents 1Administration 1.1Fundingmodel 1.2Intellectualproperty 2ResearchattheLab 2.1Researchgroups 3Academicprogram 4Buildings 5Facultyandacademicresearchstaff 6ConnectionstoJeffreyEpstein 7Otherfundingcontroversies 8Selectedpublications 9Outputsandspin-offs 9.1Spin-offs 10Seealso 11References 12Externallinks Administration[edit] ThefoundingdirectorofthelabwasNicholasNegroponte,whodirectedituntil2000.LaterdirectorswereWalterBender(2000–2006),FrankMoss(2006–2011),[15]andJoiIto(2011-2019)whoresignedinconnectionwiththeJeffreyEpsteinscandal.[11]DavaNewmantookthepositioninJuly,2021,[16]thefirstwomantodoso. Asof2014[update],theMediaLabhadroughly70administrativeandsupportstaffmembers.AssociateDirectorsoftheLabwereHiroshiIshiiandAndrewLippman.PattieMaesandMitchelResnickwereco-headsofthePrograminMediaArtsandSciences,andtheLab'sChiefKnowledgeOfficerwasHenryHoltzman. TheMediaLabhasattimeshadregionalbranchesinotherpartsoftheworld,suchasMediaLabEuropeandMediaLabAsia,eachwiththeirownstaffandgoverningbodies.[17][18] Fundingmodel[edit] TheLab'sprimaryfundingcomesfromcorporatesponsorship.Ratherthanacceptingfundingonaper-projectorper-groupbasis,theLabaskssponsorstofundgeneralthemes;sponsorscanthenconnectwithMediaLabresearch.SpecificprojectsandresearchersarealsofundedmoretraditionallythroughgovernmentinstitutionsincludingtheNIH,NSF,andDARPA.Also,consortiawithotherschoolsorotherdepartmentsatMITareoftenabletohavemoneythatdoesnotenterintothecommonpool. MITMediaLabhasanapproximately$75millionannualoperatingbudget.[19] Intellectualproperty[edit] CompaniessponsoringtheLabcanshareintheLab'sintellectualpropertywithoutpayinglicensefeesorroyalties.Non-sponsorscannotmakeuseofMediaLabdevelopmentsfortwoyearsaftertechnicaldisclosureismadetoMITandMediaLabsponsors.TheMediaLabgeneratesapproximately20newpatentseveryyear.[citationneeded] ResearchattheLab[edit] SomerecurringthemesofworkattheMediaLabincludehumanadaptability,[20]humancomputerinteraction,educationandcommunication,artisticcreationandvisualization,anddesigningtechnologyforthedevelopingworld.Otherresearchfocusincludesmachineswithcommonsense,sociablerobots,prosthetics,sensornetworks,musicaldevices,citydesign,andpublichealth.Researchprogramsallincludeiterativedevelopmentofprototypeswhicharetestedanddisplayedforvisitors.[21] Eachoftheseareasofresearchmayincorporateothers.Interactiondesignresearchincludesdesigningintelligentobjectsandenvironments.Educationalresearchhasalsoincludedintegratingmorecomputationintolearningactivities-includingsoftwareforlearning,programmabletoys,andartisticormusicalinstruments.ExamplesincludeLegoMindstorms,thePicoCricket,andOneLaptopperChild.[22] Researchgroups[edit] Asof2020[update],theMITMediaLabhasthefollowingresearchgroups:[23] AffectiveComputing:"advancingwellbeingbyusingnewwaystocommunicate,understand,andrespondtoemotion" Biomechatronics:"enhancinghumanphysicalcapability." CameraCulture:"makingtheinvisiblevisible–insideourbodies,aroundus,andbeyond–forhealth,work,andconnection" CityScience:"lookingbeyondsmartcities" ConformableDecoders:"convertingthepatternsofnatureandthehumanbodyintobeneficialsignalsandenergy" FluidInterfaces:"designingwearablesystemsforcognitiveenhancement" FutureSketches:"exploringtheessenceofcodeasacreativemedium" HumanDynamics:"exploringhowsocialnetworkscaninfluenceourlivesinbusiness,health,governance,andtechnologyadoptionanddiffusions" LifelongKindergarten:"engagingpeopleincreativelearningexperiences" MediatedMatter:"designingfor,with,andbynature" MolecularMachines:"engineeringatthelimitsofcomplexitywithmolecular-scaleparts" Nano-CyberneticBiotrek:"inventingdisruptivetechnologiesfornanoelectroniccomputationandcreatingnewparadigmsforlife-machinesymbiosis" OperaoftheFuture:"extendingexpression,learning,andhealththroughinnovationsinmusicalcomposition,performance,andparticipation" PersonalRobots:"buildingsociallyengagingrobotsandinteractivetechnologiestohelppeoplelivehealthierlives,connectwithothers,andlearnbetter" PoeticJustice:"exploringnewformsofsocialjusticethroughart" ResponsiveEnvironments:"augmentingandmediatinghumanexperience,interaction,andperceptionwithsensornetworks" SculptingEvolution:"exploringevolutionaryandecologicalengineering" SignalKinetics:"extendinghumanandcomputerabilitiesinsensing,communication,andactuationthroughsignalsandnetworks" SocialMachines:"promotingdeeperlearningandunderstandinginhumannetworks" SpaceEnabled:"advancingjusticeinEarth'scomplexsystemsusingdesignsenabledbyspace" TangibleMedia:"seamlesslycouplingtheworldsofbitsandatomsbygivingdynamicphysicalformtodigitalinformationandcomputation" ViralCommunications:"creatingscalabletechnologiesthatevolvewithuserinventiveness" Academicprogram[edit] TheMediaArtsandSciencesprogramisapartofMIT'sSchoolofArchitectureandPlanning,andincludesthreelevelsofstudy:adoctoralprogram,amaster'sofscienceprogram,andaprogramthatoffersanalternativetothestandardMITfreshmanyearaswellasasetofundergraduatesubjectsthatmayformthebasisforafuturejointmajor.Allgraduatestudentsarefullysupported(tuitionplusastipend)fromtheoutset,normallybyappointmentsasresearchassistantsattheMediaLaboratory,wheretheyworkonresearchprogramsandfacultyprojects,includingassistingwithcourses.Theseresearchactivitiestypicallytakeupabouthalfofastudent'stimeinthedegreeprogram. TheMediaArtsandSciencesacademicprogramhaveacloserelationshipwiththeMediaLab.MostMediaLabfacultyareprofessorsofMediaArtsandSciences.StudentswhoearnadegreeinMediaArtsandScienceshavebeenpredominantlyinresidenceattheMediaLab,takingclassesanddoingresearch.SomestudentsfromotherprogramsatMIT,suchasMechanicalEngineering,orElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,dotheirresearchattheMediaLab,workingwithaMediaLab/MediaArtsandSciencesfacultyadvisor,butearntheirdegrees(suchasMEngoranMSinEECS)fromotherdepartments.Thereareover1000studentsapplytotheMASprogramandtheadmissionislessthan5%peryear. Buildings[edit] Furtherinformation:Wiesnerbuilding ThenewMediaLabexpansion(BuildingE14).OriginalWiesnerBuilding(E15)isvisibleatleft. InadditiontotheMediaLab,thecombinedoriginalWiesnerbuilding(E15)andnew(E14)buildingsalsohosttheListVisualArtsCenter,theSchoolofArchitectureandPlanning'sPrograminArt,CultureandTechnology(ACT),andMIT'sPrograminComparativeMediaStudies. In2009,theMediaLabexpandedintoanewbuildingdesignedbyPritzkerPrize-winningJapanesearchitectFumihikoMaki.[24]ThelocalarchitectofrecordwasLeersWeinzapfelAssociates,ofBoston.TheMakibuildinghaspredominantlyglasswalls,withlonglinesofsightthroughthebuilding,makingongoingresearchvisibleandencouragingconnectionsandcollaboration.[25] Facultyandacademicresearchstaff[edit] MediaArtsandSciencesfacultyandacademicresearchstaffareprincipalinvestigators/headsoftheMediaLab'svariousresearchgroups.TheyalsoadviseMediaArtsandSciencesgraduatestudentsandmentorMITundergraduates."Mostdepartmentsacceptgradstudentsbasedontheirprospectsforacademicsuccess;theMediaLabattemptstoselectonesthatwillbestbeabletohelpwithsomeoftheongoingprojects."[26] Asof2014[update],therearemorethan25facultyandacademicresearchstaffmembers,includingadozennamedprofessorships.AfulllistofMediaLabfacultyandacademicresearchstaff,withbiosandotherinformation,isavailableviatheMediaLabWebsite.[27] AsofAugust2019[update],AlexPentlandisProfessorofMediaArtsandSciences,ToshibaProfessorandMediaLabEntrepreneurshipProgramDirector.[28] ConnectionstoJeffreyEpstein[edit] InAugust2019,directorJoiItosaidthattheorganizationhadreceivedfundingfrommultimillionaireconvictedchildsexoffenderJeffreyEpsteinthroughfoundationsEpsteincontrolled;thatItohadvisitedseveralofEpstein'sresidences;andthatEpsteinhadinvested"inseveralofmyfundswhichinvestintechstartupcompaniesoutsideofMIT".[29][30]Itolateradmittedtotaking$525,000infundingfromEpsteinfortheLab.In2019,MediaLabfounderNicholasNegroponteexpressedsupportforIto'sdecisiontoacceptthefundingfromEpstein.[31]Alsoin2019,afederalcourtdepositionwasunsealedinwhichVirginiaGiuffrestatedthatEpstein'sassociatedirectedhertohavesexwithformerMediaLabprofessorMarvinMinsky.[32][33][34][35] InSeptember2019,itwasrevealedbyemailsleakedtoRonanFarrowofTheNewYorkerthatItoandPeterCohen,theM.I.T.MediaLab'sDirectorofDevelopmentandStrategyatthetime,haveworkedforyearstosolicitanonymousdonationsfromEpsteindespiteEpsteinbeingmarkedasDisqualifiedbytheuniversityasadonor.ItohasreferredtoEpsteinas"fascinating".[36] ItoresignedduetothescandalshortlyaftertheNewYorkerarticle[11]andthePresidentofM.I.T.announcedan"immediate,thoroughandindependent"investigationtobeledbyanoutsidelawfirmintothe"extremelyserious"allegations.[12] OnJanuary10,2020,theexecutivecommitteeoftheMITCorporation,theinstitute'sgoverningboard,releasedtheresultsofGoodwinProcter’sfact-findingregardinginteractionsbetweenJeffreyEpsteinandtheInstitute.[37]ThereportrevealedthatEpsteinmade10donationsthroughvariousentitiestoMITtotaling$850,000,includingninedonations,totaling$750,000,madeafterhis2008conviction.In2002,fouryearsbeforeEpstein’sfirstarrestforasexoffense,Epsteinmadea$100,000donationtoMITthroughacharitablefoundationtosupporttheresearchofProfessorMarvinMinsky(formerToshibaProfessorofMediaArtsandSciences,MediaLab).Epstein’s$100,000donationinMay2013wasintendedtobeusedatJoiIto’sdiscretion.HisdonationsinNovember2013andinJulyandSeptember2014,totaling$300,000,weremadetosupportresearchbyJoschaBach,aMediaLabresearchfellowfromGermanywhomEpsteinintroducedtoItoin2013.BachdeclinedtobeinterviewedforGoodwinProcter’sfact-finding.[38]Epstein’sotherdonationstotheMediaLabbetween2015and2017,totaling$350,000,weremadetosupportProfessorSethLloyd(ProfessorofMechanicalEngineering,$225,000),andProfessorNeriOxman(AssociateProfessorofMediaArtsandSciences,$125,000). ShortlyaftersigningapetitioninsupportofIto,attorneyandpoliticalactivistLawrenceLessigarguedthattheundesirablenatureofdonationstoacademicinstitutionsfromcriminalslikeEpstein,whosefortunedoesnotderivefromtheircrimes,ispartiallymitigatedifthedonationsareanonymous.Hearguesthatitwas“amistaketotakethismoney,evenifanonymous,”butthat“ifyoutakethem,atleastdon’tgivethecriminalachancetopubliclylaunderhisreputation”.“EveryoneseemstotreatitasiftheanonymityandsecrecyaroundEpstein’sgiftareameasureofsomekindofmoralfailing,"Lessigwrote."Iseeitasexactlytheopposite."[39][40] TheBostonGlobereportedithadseenemailsindicatingBillGateshaddonated$2.2milliontotheMediaLabthroughEpstein.[41] Otherfundingcontroversies[edit] OnMarch24,2018,SaudiArabianCrownPrinceMohammedbinSalmanvisitedMITandpromptedprotests.[42]Salman'snon-profitfoundationMiSKwasamembercompanyoftheLabuntil2018.[43]AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,asizablepartoftheannualbudgetoftheLabcomesfromcorporatepatrons,whopayatleast$250,000eachyear.PrinceMohammed'spersonalfoundationwasamongtheroughly90membersattheirtimeofmembership.[44] Selectedpublications[edit] Books Hidalgo,CesarA.(June2,2015).WhyInformationGrows.BasicBooks.p. 256.ISBN 9780465048991. Breazeal,CynthiaL.(May2002).DesigningSociableRobots.MITPress.p. 282.ISBN 9780262025102. Bar-Cohen,Yoseph;Breazeal,CynthiaL.(May13,2003).BiologicallyInspiredIntelligentRobots.SPIEPress.p. 406.ISBN 9780819448729. Ariely,Dan(2008).PredictablyIrrational.HarperCollinsPublishers.p. 349.ISBN 9780061353246. Pentland,Alex(2018).NewSolutionsforCybersecurity.MITPress.p. 504.{{citebook}}:|first1=missing|last1=(help);Missing|author2=(help) Moss,Frank(June7,2011).TheSorcerersandTheirApprentices:HowtheDigitalMagiciansoftheMITMediaLabAreCreatingtheInnovativeTechnologiesThatWillTransformOurLives.CrownBusiness.p. 272.ISBN 9780307589101. Harel,Idit(August1991).ChildrenDesigners.AblexPublishing.ISBN 9780893917883. Maeda,John(August21,2006).TheLawsofSimplicity.MITPress.p. 128.ISBN 9780262134729. Maeda,John(May7,1999).DesignbyNumbers.MITPress.p. 256.ISBN 9780262133548. Ito,Joi;Howe,Jeffrey(December6,2016).Whiplash:HowtoSurviveOurFasterFuture.GrandCentralPublishing.p. 320.ISBN 9781455544592. Minsky,Marvin;Papert,Seymour(January1969).Perceptrons:AnIntroductiontoComputationalGeometry.MITPress.p. 258.ISBN 9780262130431. Minsky,Marvin(November13,2007).TheEmotionMachine:CommonsenseThinking,ArtificialIntelligence,andtheFutureoftheHumanMind.Simon&Schuster.p. 400.ISBN 9780743276641. Minsky,Marvin(March15,1988).SocietyofMind.Simon&Schuster.p. 336.ISBN 9780671657130. Resnick,Mitchel(January10,1997).Turtles,Termites,andTrafficJams:ExplorationsinMassivelyParallelMicroworlds.MITPress.p. 184.ISBN 9780262680936. Gershenfeld,Neil(January12,1999).WhenThingsStarttoThink.HenryHoltandCo.p. 225.ISBN 9780805058741. Negroponte,Nicholas(January3,1996).BeingDigital.Vintage.p. 272.ISBN 9780679762904. Picard,RosalindW.(July31,2000).AffectiveComputing.MITPress.p. 306.ISBN 9780262661157. Papert,Seymour(April29,1994).TheChildren'sMachine:RethinkingSchoolintheAgeoftheComputer.BasicBooks.p. 256.ISBN 9780465010639. Papert,Seymour(August4,1993).Mindstorms:Children,Computers,andPowerfulIdeas.BasicBooks.p. 252.ISBN 9780465046744. Benton,StephenA.;BoveJr.,V.Michael(April2008).HolographicImaging.Wiley.p. 288.ISBN 9780470068069. Resnick,Eric;Mitchel(11July2001).AdventuresinModeling:ExploringComplex,DynamicSystemswithStarLogo.TeachersCollegePress.p. 192.ISBN 9780807740828. Mitchell,WilliamJ.(March9,2007).ImaginingMIT:DesigningaCampusfortheTwenty-FirstCentury.MITPress.p. 152.ISBN 9780262134798. Mitchell,WilliamJ.(September17,2004).Me++:TheCyborgSelfandtheNetworkedCity.MITPress.p. 269.ISBN 9780262633130. Outputsandspin-offs[edit] SomeMediaLab-developedtechnologiesmadeitintoproductsorpublicsoftwarepackages,suchastheLegoMindstorms,LEGOWeDoandthepointingstickinIBMlaptopkeyboards[citationneeded],theBentonhologramusedinmostcreditcards,theFisher-Price'sSymphonyPainter,[45]theNortelWirelessMeshNetwork,[46]theNTTComwareSensetable,[47]theTaito'sKaraoke-on-DemandMachine.[48]A1994devicecalledtheSensorChairusedtocontrolamusicalorchestrawasadaptedbyseveralcarmanufacturersintocapacitivesensorstopreventdangerousairbagdeployments.[49][50] TheMPEG-4SAprojectdevelopedattheMediaLabmadestructuredaudioapracticalreality[51]andtheAspenMovieMapwastheprecursortotheideasinGoogleStreetView. In2001,tworesearchcenterswerespunoff:MediaLabAsiaandMediaLabEurope.MediaLabAsia,basedinIndia,wasaresultofcooperationwiththeGovernmentofIndiabuteventuallybrokeoffin2003afteradisagreement.MediaLabEurope,basedinDublin,Ireland,wasfoundedwithasimilarconceptinassociationwithIrishuniversitiesandgovernment,andclosedinJanuary2005. CreatedcollaborativelybytheComputerMuseumandtheMediaLab,theComputerClubhouse,aworldwidenetworkofafter-schoollearningcenters,focusesonyouthfromunderservedcommunitieswhowouldnototherwisehaveaccesstotechnologicaltoolsandactivities.[52] Launchedin2003,Scratch[53]isablock-basedprogramminglanguageandcommunitydevelopedforchildren8–16,andusedbypeopleofallagestolearnprogramming.[54]MillionsofpeoplehavecreatedScratchprojectsinawidevarietyofsettings,includinghomes,schools,museums,libraries,andcommunitycenters. InJanuary2005,theLab'schairmanemeritusNicholasNegroponteannouncedattheWorldEconomicForumanewresearchinitiativetodevelopa$100laptopcomputer.Anon-profitorganization,OneLaptopperChild,wascreatedtooverseetheactualdeployment,MITdidnotmanufactureordistributethedevice. TheSyntheticNeurobiologygroupcreatedreagentsanddevicesfortheanalysisofbraincircuitsareinusebyhundredsofbiologylabsaroundtheworld. In2011,RameshRaskar'sgrouppublishedtheirfemto-photographytechnique,thatisabletoimagethemovementofindividuallightpulses.[55] In2013,theMediaLablaunchedE14FundasaprogramtosupportandinvestinMITMediaLabstartups.[56]In2017,E14Fund[57]launcheditsfirstseedstageventurefundtoinvestintheMITMediaLabstartupcommunity.ItinvestedincompanieslikeFormlabs,Affectiva,Tulip,WiseSystems,Figur8andmore.[58] Spin-offs[edit] ThissectionmayrequirecleanuptomeetWikipedia'squalitystandards.Thespecificproblemis:AlistdrawndirectlyfromtheMITsite;thisshouldbemoreselectiveandworkedintoparagraphs.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionifyoucan.(January2018)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) MediaLabindustryspin-offsinclude:[59] Affectiva,commercializingsoftwarethatdetectsemotionsinpicturesoffaces[60] AmbientDevices,whichproducesglanceableinformationdisplays Dimagi,acompanythatdevelopssoftwareforhealthcareinthedevelopingworld. EInk,whichmakeselectronicpaperdisplaysthatpowertheAmazonKindleandBarnes&NobleNook. Elance EyeNetra,whichmakeseyetestsas$2clip-onsformobilephones,includingpotentialusetocorrectvisionforvirtualrealitydisplays.[61] Formlabsmakeshigh-resolution,desktop3Dprinters(spinoutfromCenterforBitsandAtoms) GroundhogTechnologies,globalleaderinmobilityintelligenceanditsapplicationsongeo-analytics,geo-marketing,andnetworkoptimization. Harmonix,gamecompanycreatorofRockBandandGuitarHero. Holosonicsselling"audiospotlight"speakersusingsoundfromultrasoundtechnology OblongIndustries,creatorsofthedigitalscreenusedbyTomCruiseinMinorityReport[62] OneLaptopperChild'sXOlaptop[63] PotionDesign,aninteractivedesignfirm RadioSherpa,anonlineguideforHDRadiostations.acquiredbyTune-in. reQall,amemoryaidcompany.[64] SalientStills,avideoresolutionenhancementandvideoforensicscompanyfoundedin1996,acquiredbyDACin2013.[65]ThecombinedentityhasbeenrebrandedSalientSciences. Sifteo,acompanythathasdevelopedatabletopgamingplatformthatgrewoutofSiftables. SquidLabs,engineeringconsultingcompany[64] TheEchoNest,amusicintelligenceplatform[66] ZebraImaging,adigitalholographicdisplaycompany FirstMileSolutions,bringingcommunicationsinfrastructuretoruralcommunities[67] Nanda,acompanythatmarketstheClockyalarmclock PhysiioInternational,mergedwithEmpatica;manufacturerofwearablemedicalsensors[68][69] Supermechanical,manufacturerofTwine,awifiinterfaceforvariousenvironmentalsensors;andRange,asmartphone-connectedthermometer[70] Wireless5thDimensionalNetworking,Inc.[71](acquiredin2006),[72]whichdevelopedthefirsthybridsearchengine Seealso[edit] Bates'schip Livinglab Object-BasedMediaGroup SixthSense(device) Wiesnerbuilding References[edit] ^"Inventingthefuture"-Corporatebrochure ^OverviewoftheMIT ^MITMediaLab."FactSheet".Retrieved2012-09-12. ^MITMediaLab."SyntheticNeurobiology".Retrieved2014-06-26. ^MITMediaLab."MediatedMatter".Retrieved2014-06-26. ^MITMediaLab."PersonalRobots".Retrieved2014-06-26. ^MITMediaLab."AffectiveComputing".Retrieved2014-06-26. 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