Nice - Wikipedia

French Nice Nice FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch PrefectureofAlpes-Maritimes,Provence-Alpes-Côted'Azur,France ThisarticleisaboutthecityinFrance.Fortheactofbeingnice,seeKindness.Forotheruses,seeNice(disambiguation). PrefectureandcommuneinProvence-Alpes-Côted'Azur,FranceNice Niça  (Occitan)PrefectureandcommuneTheCityofNiceandseveralofitslandmarks FlagCoatofarmsMotto(s): Nicæacivitasfidelissima(Latin:Nice,mostloyalcity)LocationofNice NiceShowmapofFranceNiceShowmapofProvence-Alpes-Côted'AzurCoordinates:43°42′12″N7°15′59″E/43.7034°N7.2663°E/43.7034;7.2663Coordinates:43°42′12″N7°15′59″E/43.7034°N7.2663°E/43.7034;7.2663CountryFranceRegionProvence-Alpes-Côted'AzurDepartmentAlpes-MaritimesArrondissementNiceCantonNice-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,and9IntercommunalityMétropoleNiceCôted'AzurGovernment • Mayor(2020–2026)ChristianEstrosi(LR)Area171.92 km2(27.77 sq mi) • Urban743.6 km2(287.1 sq mi) • Metro2,073 km2(800 sq mi)Population (Jan. 2019)[1]342,669 • Rank5thinFrance • Density4,800/km2(12,000/sq mi) • Urban (2018[2])944,321 • Urban density1,300/km2(3,300/sq mi) • Metro (2018[2])609,695 • Metro density290/km2(760/sq mi)Demonym(s)Niçois(m)Niçoise(f)TimezoneUTC+01:00(CET) • Summer(DST)UTC+02:00(CEST)INSEE/Postalcode06088/Websitewww.nice.fr UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteOfficial nameNice,WinterResortTownoftheRivieraCriteriaCultural: iiReference1635Inscription2021(44thSession) 1FrenchLandRegisterdata,whichexcludeslakes,ponds,glaciers>1 km2(0.386 sq mior247acres)andriverestuaries. Nice(/niːs/NEESS,French: [nis];Niçard:Niça,classicalnorm,orNissa,nonstandard,pronounced [ˈnisa];Italian:Nizza[ˈnittsa];AncientGreek:Νίκαια;Latin:Nicaea)istheprefectureoftheAlpes-MaritimesdepartmentinFrance.TheNiceagglomerationextendsfarbeyondtheadministrativecitylimits,withapopulationofnearly1 million[3][2]onanareaof744 km2(287 sq mi).[2]LocatedontheFrenchRiviera,thesoutheasterncoastofFranceontheMediterraneanSea,atthefootoftheFrenchAlps,Niceisthesecond-largestFrenchcityontheMediterraneancoastandsecond-largestcityintheProvence-Alpes-Côted'AzurregionafterMarseille.Niceisapproximately13kilometres(8 mi)fromtheprincipalityofMonacoand30kilometres(19 mi)fromtheFrench–Italianborder.Nice'sairportservesasagatewaytotheregion. ThecityisnicknamedNicelaBelle(NissaLaBellainNiçard),meaning'NicetheBeautiful',whichisalsothetitleoftheunofficialanthemofNice,writtenbyMenicaRondellyin1912.Theareaoftoday'sNicecontainsTerraAmata,anarchaeologicalsitewhichdisplaysevidenceofaveryearlyuseoffire380,000yearsago.Around350BC,GreeksofMarseillefoundedapermanentsettlementandcalleditΝίκαια,Nikaia,afterNike,thegoddessofvictory.[4]Throughtheages,thetownhaschangedhandsmanytimes.Itsstrategiclocationandportsignificantlycontributedtoitsmaritimestrength.From1388itwasadominionofSavoy,thenbecamepartoftheFrenchFirstRepublicbetween1792and1815,whenitwasreturnedtotheKingdomofPiedmont-Sardinia,thelegalpredecessoroftheKingdomofItaly,untilitsre-annexationbyFrancein1860. ThenaturalenvironmentoftheNiceareaanditsmildMediterraneanclimatecametotheattentionoftheEnglishupperclassesinthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,whenanincreasingnumberofaristocraticfamiliestooktospendingtheirwintersthere.In1931,followingitsrefurbishmentthecity'smainseasidepromenade,thePromenadedesAnglais("WalkwayoftheEnglish"),wasinauguratedbyPrinceArthur,DukeofConnaught;itowesitsnametovisitorstotheresort.[5]TheseincludedQueenVictoriaalongwithhersonEdwardVIIwhospentwintersthere,aswellasHenryCavendish,borninNice,whodiscoveredhydrogen. Theclearairandsoftlighthaveparticularlyappealedtonotablepainters,suchasMarcChagall,HenriMatisse,NikideSaintPhalleandArman.Theirworkiscommemoratedinmanyofthecity'smuseums,includingMuséeMarcChagall,MuséeMatisseandMuséedesBeaux-Arts.[6]Internationalwritershavealsobeenattractedandinspiredbythecity.FrankHarriswroteseveralbooksincludinghisautobiographyMyLifeandLovesinNice.FriedrichNietzschespentsixconsecutivewintersinNice,andwroteThusSpokeZarathustrahere.Additionally,RussianwriterAntonChekhovcompletedhisplayThreeSisterswhilelivinginNice. Nice'sappealextendedtotheRussianupperclasses.PrinceNicholasAlexandrovich,heirapparenttoImperialRussia,diedinNiceandwasapatronoftheRussianOrthodoxCemetery,NicewherePrincessCatherineDolgorukova,morganaticwifeoftheTsarAlexanderIIofRussia,isburied.AlsoburiedthereareGeneralDmitryShcherbachevandGeneralNikolaiYudenich,leadersoftheanti-CommunistWhiteMovement. ThoseinterredattheCimetièreduChâteauincludecelebratedjewelerAlfredVanCleef,EmilJellinek-Mercedes,founderoftheMercedescarcompany,filmdirectorLouisFeuillade,poetAgathe-SophieSasserno,dancerCarolinaOtero,AsterixcomicscreatorRenéGoscinny,ThePhantomoftheOperaauthorGastonLeroux,FrenchprimeministerLéonGambetta,andthefirstpresidentoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeJoséGustavoGuerrero. BecauseofitshistoricalimportanceasawinterresorttownfortheEuropeanaristocracyandtheresultingmixofculturesfoundinthecity,UNESCOproclaimedNiceaWorldHeritageSitein2021.[7]Thecityhasthesecondlargesthotelcapacityinthecountry,[8]anditisoneofitsmostvisitedcities,receiving4 milliontouristseveryyear.[9]ItalsohasthethirdbusiestairportinFrance,afterthetwomainParisianones.[10]ItisthehistoricalcapitalcityoftheCountyofNice(French:ComtédeNice,Niçard:CountèadeNissa).[11] Contents 1History 1.1Foundation 1.2Earlydevelopment 1.3DuchyofSavoy 1.4KingdomofSardinia 1.5FrenchNice 2Architecture 2.1Religiousbuildings 2.2Museums 2.3Squares 2.3.1PlaceMasséna 2.3.2PlaceGaribaldi 2.3.3PlaceRossetti 2.3.4CoursSaleya 2.3.5PlaceduPalais 3Administration 3.1Coatofarms 4Geography 4.1Flora 4.2Climate 5Economyandtourism 6Transport 6.1Port 6.2Airport 6.3Rail 6.4Tram 6.5Road 6.6Sportsandentertainment 7Sport 8Population 9Observatory 10Culture 10.1Cuisine 11Education 12Internationalrelations 13Notablepeople 13.1Honorarycitizens 14Seealso 15References 16Furtherreading 17Externallinks History[edit] Seealso:TimelineofNice Foundation[edit] Mainarticles:MagnaGraecia,Liguria,andPhocaea NiceintheRegioIXLiguriainRomanItaly ThefirstknownhominidsettlementsintheNiceareadatebackabout400,000years(homoerectus);[12]theTerraAmataarcheologicalsiteshowsoneoftheearliestusesoffire,constructionofhouses,aswellasflintfindingsdatedtoaround230,000yearsago.[13]Nicewasprobablyfoundedaround350BCbycolonistsfromtheGreekcityofPhocaeainwesternAnatolia.ItwasgiventhenameofNíkaia(Νίκαια)inhonourofavictoryovertheneighbouringLigurians(peoplefromthenorthwestofItaly,probablytheVediantiikingdom);Nike(Νίκη)wastheGreekgoddessofvictory.ThecitysoonbecameoneofthebusiesttradingportsontheLiguriancoast;butithadanimportantrivalintheRomantownofCemenelum,whichcontinuedtoexistasaseparatecityuntilthetimeoftheLombardinvasions.[11]TheruinsofCemenelumareinCimiez,nowadistrictofNice. Earlydevelopment[edit] Seealso:RomanCatholicDioceseofNiceandCountyofNice TheTowerofSt.François Inthe7thcentury,NicejoinedtheGenoeseLeagueformedbythetownsofLiguria.In729thecityrepulsedtheSaracens;butin859andagainin880theSaracenspillagedandburnedit,andformostofthe10thcenturyremainedmastersofthesurroundingcountry.[11] DuringtheMiddleAges,NiceparticipatedinthewarsandhistoryofItaly.AsanallyofPisaitwastheenemyofGenoa,andboththeKingofFranceandtheHolyRomanEmperorendeavouredtosubjugateit;butinspiteofthisitmaintaineditsmunicipalliberties.Duringthe13thand14thcenturiesthecityfellmorethanonceintothehandsoftheCountsofProvence,[11]butitregaineditsindependenceeventhoughrelatedtoGenoa. DuchyofSavoy(red)andotherindependentItalianstatesin1494 ThemedievalcitywallssurroundedtheOldTown.ThelandwardsidewasprotectedbytheRiverPaillon,whichwaslatercoveredoverandisnowthetramroutetowardstheAcropolis.TheeastsideofthetownwasprotectedbyfortificationsonCastleHill.AnotherriverflowedintotheportontheeastsideofCastleHill.Engravingssuggestthattheportareawasalsodefendedbywalls. UnderMonoprixinPlacedeGaribaldiareexcavatedremainsofawell-defendedcitygateonthemainroadfromTurin.[citationneeded] DuchyofSavoy[edit] Seealso:DuchyofSavoy Nicein1575 Nicein1624 In1388,thecommuneplaceditselfundertheprotectionoftheCountsofSavoy.[11]Niceparticipated–directlyorindirectly–inthehistoryofSavoyuntil1860.[citationneeded] ThemaritimestrengthofNicenowrapidlyincreaseduntilitwasabletocopewiththeBarbarypirates;thefortificationswerelargelyextendedandtheroadstothecityimproved.[11]In1561EmmanuelPhilibert,DukeofSavoyabolishedtheuseofLatinasanadministrativelanguageandestablishedtheItalianlanguageastheofficiallanguageofgovernmentaffairsinNice. DuringthestrugglebetweenFrancisIandCharlesVgreatdamagewascausedbythepassageofthearmiesinvadingProvence;pestilenceandfamineragedinthecityforseveralyears.[11]In1538,inthenearbytownofVilleneuve-Loubet,throughthemediationofPopePaulIII,thetwomonarchsconcludedatenyears'truce.[14] In1543,NicewasattackedbytheunitedFranco-OttomanforcesofFrancisIandBarbarossaHayreddinPasha,intheSiegeofNice;thoughtheinhabitantsrepulsedtheassaultwhichfollowedtheterriblebombardment,theywereultimatelycompelledtosurrender,andBarbarossawasallowedtopillagethecityandtocarryoff2,500captives.Pestilenceappearedagainin1550and1580.[11] In1600,NicewasbrieflytakenbytheDukeofGuise.Byopeningtheportsofthecountytoallnations,andproclaimingfullfreedomoftrade(1626),thecommerceofthecitywasgivengreatstimulus,thenoblefamiliestakingpartinitsmercantileenterprises.[11] CapturedbyNicolasCatinatin1691,NicewasrestoredtoSavoyin1696;butitwasagainbesiegedbytheFrenchin1705,andinthefollowingyearitscitadelandrampartsweredemolished.[11] KingdomofSardinia[edit] TheTreatyofUtrecht(1713)oncemoregavethecitybacktotheDukeofSavoy,whowasonthatsameoccasionrecognisedasKingofSicily.Inthepeacefulyearswhichfollowed,the"newtown"wasbuilt.From1744untiltheTreatyofAix-la-Chapelle(1748)theFrenchandSpaniardswereagaininpossession. In1775theking,whoin1718hadswappedhissovereigntyofSicilyfortheKingdomofSardinia,destroyedallthatremainedoftheancientlibertiesofthecommune.Conqueredin1792bythearmiesoftheFirstFrenchRepublic,theCountyofNicecontinuedtobepartofFranceuntil1814;butafterthatdateitrevertedtotheKingdomofPiedmont-Sardinia.[11] FrenchNice[edit] Nicein1833 AmapoftheCountyofNiceshowingtheareaoftheKingdomofSardiniaannexedin1860toFrance(lightbrown).TheredareawasalreadypartofFrancebefore1860. Nicein1914 AftertheTreatyofTurinwassignedin1860betweentheSardiniankingandNapoleonIIIasaconsequenceofthePlombièresAgreement,thecountywasagainanddefinitivelycededtoFranceasaterritorialrewardforFrenchassistanceintheSecondItalianWarofIndependenceagainstAustria,whichsawLombardyunitedwithPiedmont-Sardinia.Thecessionwasratifiedbyaregionalreferendum:over25,000electorsoutofatotalof30,700wereinfavouroftheattachmenttoFrance.[11]ThiseventcausedtheNiçardexodus,thatwastheemigrationofaquarteroftheNiçardItalianstoItaly.[15]SavoywasalsotransferredtotheFrenchcrownbysimilarmeans.GiuseppeGaribaldi,borninNice,opposedthecessiontoFrance,arguingthattheballotwasriggedbytheFrench. ManyItaliansfromNizzathenmovedtotheLiguriantownsofVentimiglia,BordigheraandOspedaletti,[16]givingrisetoalocalbranchofthemovementoftheItalianirredentistswhichconsideredthere-acquisitionofNicetobeoneoftheirnationalistgoals. In1900,theTramwaydeNiceelectrifieditshorse-drawnstreetcarsandspreaditsnetworktotheentiredépartementfromMentontoCagnes-sur-Mer.Bythe1930smorebusconnectionswereaddedinthearea.[citationneeded]Inthe1930s,NicehostedinternationalcarracingintheFormulaLibre(predecessortoFormulaOne)ontheso-calledCircuitNice.ThecircuitstartedalongthewaterfrontjustsouthoftheJardinAlbertI,thenheadedwestwardalongthePromenadedesAnglaisfollowedbyahairpinturnattheHotelNegrescotocomebackeastwardandaroundtheJardinAlbertIbeforeheadingagaineastalongthebeachontheQuaidesEtats-Unis.[17] AswarbrokeoutinSeptember1939,Nicebecameacityofrefugeformanydisplacedforeigners,notablyJewsfleeingtheNaziprogressionintoEasternEurope.FromNicemanysoughtfurthershelterintheFrenchcolonies,MoroccoandNorthandSouthAmerica.AfterJuly1940andtheestablishmentoftheVichyRegime,antisemiticaggressionsacceleratedtheexodus,startinginJuly1941andcontinuingthrough1942.On26August1942,655JewsofforeignoriginwereroundedupbytheLavalgovernmentandinternedintheAuvarebarracks.Ofthese,560weredeportedtoDrancyinternmentcampon31August1942.DuetotheactivityoftheJewishbankerAngeloDonatiandoftheCapuchinfriarPèreMarie-Benoîtthelocalauthoritieshinderedtheapplicationofanti-JewishVichylaws.[18] ThefirstrésistantstothenewregimewereagroupofHighSchoolseniorsoftheLycéedeNice,nowLycéeMasséna [fr],inSeptember1940,laterarrestedandexecutedin1944nearCastellane.Thefirstpublicdemonstrationsoccurredon14July1942whenseveralhundredprotesterstooktothestreetsalongtheAvenuedelaVictoireandinthePlaceMasséna.InNovember1942GermantroopsmovedintomostofunoccupiedFrance,butItaliantroopsmovedintoasmallerzoneincludingNice.Acertainambivalenceremainedamongthepopulation,manyofwhomwererecentimmigrantsofItalianancestry.However,theresistancegainedmomentumaftertheItaliansurrenderin1943whentheGermanarmyoccupiedtheformerItalianzone.ReprisalsintensifiedbetweenDecember1943andJuly1944,whenmanypartisansweretorturedandexecutedbythelocalGestapoandtheFrenchMilice.Americanparatroopersenteredthecityon30August1944andNicewasfinallyliberated.Theconsequencesofthewarwereheavy:thepopulationdecreasedby15%[citationneeded]andeconomiclifewastotallydisrupted. Inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,Niceenjoyedaneconomicboomprimarilydrivenbytourismandconstruction.Twomendominatedthisperiod:JeanMédecin,mayorfor33yearsfrom1928to1943andfrom1947to1965,andhissonJacques,mayorfor24yearsfrom1966to1990.Undertheirleadership,therewasextensiveurbanrenewal,includingmanynewconstructions.Theseincludedtheconventioncentre,theatres,newthoroughfaresandexpressways.ThearrivalofthePieds-Noirs,refugeesfromAlgeriaafter1962independence,alsogavethecityaboostandsomewhatchangedthemake-upofitspopulationandtraditionalviews.[citationneeded]Bythelate1980s,rumorsofpoliticalcorruptioninthecitygovernmentsurfaced;andeventuallyformalaccusationsagainstJacquesMédecinforcedhimtofleeFrancein1990.LaterarrestedinUruguayin1993,hewasextraditedbacktoFrancein1994,convictedofseveralcountsofcorruptionandassociatedcrimesandsentencedtoimprisonment. On16October1979,alandslideandanunderseaslidecausedtwotsunamisthathitthewesterncoastofNice;theseeventskilledbetween8and23people. InFebruary2001,EuropeanleadersmetinNicetonegotiateandsignwhatisnowtheTreatyofNice,amendingtheinstitutionsoftheEuropeanUnion.[19] In2003,localChiefProsecutorÉricdeMontgolfierallegedthatsomejudicialcasesinvolvinglocalpersonalitieshadbeensuspiciouslyderailedbythelocaljudiciary,whichhesuspectedofhavingunhealthycontactsthroughMasoniclodgeswiththedefendants.AcontroversialofficialreportstatedlaterthatMontgolfierhadmadeunwarrantedaccusations.[citationneeded] On14July2016,atruckwasdeliberatelydrivenintoacrowdofpeoplebyMohamedLahouaiej-BouhlelonthePromenadedesAnglais.ThecrowdwaswatchingafireworksdisplayincelebrationofBastilleDay.[20]Atotalof87peoplewerekilled,includingtheperpetrator,whowasshotdeadbypolice.[21][22]Another434wereinjured,with52incriticalcareand25inintensivecare,accordingtotheParisprosecutor.[23]On29October2020,astabbingattackkilledthreepeopleatthelocalNotre-DamedeNice.Oneofthevictims,awoman,wasbeheadedbytheattacker.[24]Severaladditionalvictimswereinjured.Theattacker,whowasshotbythepolice,wastakenintocustody.TheIslamicstateclaimedresponsibilityforbothattacks.[25] In2021,thecitywasproclaimedaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOas"Nice,WinterResortTownoftheRiviera".[7] Architecture[edit] PanoramaofNicefromCollineduChâteau PromenadedesAnglais Viewoftheoldtown ThePromenadedesAnglais("PromenadeoftheEnglish")isapromenadealongtheBaiedesAnges("BayoftheAngels"),whichisabayoftheMediterraneaninNice.BeforeNicewasurbanised,thecoastlineatNicewasjustborderedbyadesertedstretchofshinglebeach(coveredwithlargepebbles).Thefirsthouseswerelocatedonhighergroundwellawayfromthesea,aswealthytouristsvisitingNiceinthe18thcenturydidnotcomeforthebeach,butforthegentlewinterweather.[citationneeded]TheareasclosetothewaterwerehometoNice'sdockworkersandfishermen. Inthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,manywealthyEnglishpeopletooktospendingthewinterinNice,enjoyingthepanoramaalongthecoast.ThisearlyaristocraticEnglishcolonyconceivedthebuildingofapromenadewiththeleadershipandfinancialsupportofRev.LewisWay.[26]Withtheinitialpromenadecompleted,thecityofNice,intriguedbytheprospect,greatlyincreasedthescopeofthework.ThePromenadewasfirstcalledtheCamindeiAnglès(theEnglishWay)bytheNiçoisintheirnativedialectNissart.In1823,thepromenadewasnamedLaPromenadedesAnglaisbytheFrench,anamethatwouldstickaftertheannexationofNicebyFrancein1860.[27] TheHotelNegrescoonthePromenadedesAnglaiswasnamedafterHenriNegrescowhohadthepalatialhotelconstructedin1912.Inkeepingwiththeconventionsofthetime,whentheNegrescofirstopenedin1913itsfrontopenedonthesideoppositetheMediterranean.[citationneeded] AnotherplaceworthmentioningisthesmallstreetparalleltothePromenadedesAnglais,leadingfromNice'sdowntown,beginningatPlaceMassénaandrunningparalleltothepromenadeinthedirectionoftheairportforashortdistanceofabout4blocks.Thissectionofthecityisreferredtoasthe"ZonePietonne",or"PedestrianZone".Carsarenotallowed(withexceptiontodeliverytrucks),makingthisavenueapopularwalkway. OldNiceisalsohometotheOpéradeNice.Itwasconstructedattheendofthe19thcenturyunderthedesignofFrançoisAune,toreplaceKingCharlesFélix'sMaccaraniTheater.Today,itisopentothepublicandprovidesaregularprogramofperformances. Othersightsinclude: PalaiscommunaldeNice PalaisdelaMéditerranée Palaisdel'agriculture GareduSud JardinAlbert-Ier Religiousbuildings[edit] NiceCathedral. Religiousbuildingsinthecityinclude: NiceCathedral Notre-DamedeNice RussianOrthodoxCathedral,Nice ÉgliseNotre-Dame-du-PortdeNice ChurchofGesù,Nice Museums[edit] MuséeMasséna [fr] MuséedesBeaux-ArtsdeNice MuséeMatisse MuséeMarcChagall Squares[edit] PlaceMasséna[edit] ViewofthePlaceMasséna PlaceMassénabynight,2012 Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(July2016)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) ThePlaceMassénaisthemainsquareofthecity.BeforethePaillonRiverwascoveredover,thePont-Neufwastheonlypracticablewaybetweentheoldtownandthemodernone.Thesquarewasthusdividedintotwoparts(NorthandSouth)in1824.WiththedemolitionoftheMassénaCasinoin1979,thePlaceMassénabecamemorespaciousandlessdenseandisnowborderedbyredochrebuildingsofItalianarchitecture. Therecentrebuildingofthetramlinegavethesquarebacktothepedestrians,restoringitsstatusasarealMediterraneansquare.Itislinedwithpalmtreesandstonepines,insteadofbeingtherectangularroundaboutofsortsithadbecomeovertheyears.Sinceitsconstruction,thePlaceMassénahasalwaysbeenthespotforgreatpublicevents.Itisusedforconcerts,andparticularlyduringthesummerfestivals,theCorsocarnavalesque(carnivalparade)inFebruary,themilitaryprocessionof14July(BastilleDay)orothertraditionalcelebrationsandbanquets. ThePlaceMassénaisatwo-minutewalkfromthePromenadedesAnglais,oldtown,towncentre,andAlbertIGarden(JardinAlbertIer).Itisalsoalargecrossroadsbetweenseveralofthemainstreetsofthecity:avenueJeanMédecin,avenueFélixFaure,boulevardJeanJaurès,avenuedeVerdunandrueGioffredo. PlaceGaribaldi[edit] Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(January2018)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Garibaldi'smonument,PlaceGaribaldi ThePlaceGaribaldialsostandsoutforitsarchitectureandhistory.ItisnamedafterGiuseppeGaribaldi,herooftheItalianunification(borninNicein1807whenNicewaspartoftheNapoleonicEmpire,beforerevertingtotheKingdomofPiedmont-Sardinia).Thesquarewasbuiltattheendofthe18thcenturyandservedastheentrygatetothecityandendoftheroadfromTurin.Ittookseveralnamesbetween1780and1870(PlaçaPairoulièra,PlacedelaRépublique,PlaceNapoléon,Placed'Armes,PlaceSaint-Augustin,PiazzaVittorio)andfinallyPlaceGaribaldiinSeptember1870. AstatueofGaribaldi,whowasfiercelyinfavouroftheunionofNicewithItaly,standsinthecentreofthesquare.Therecentrebuildingoftheareatoaccommodatethenewtramwaylinegavemostlytheentiresquaretopedestrians.ThearchitectureisinlinewiththeTurinmodel,whichwasthenormofurbanrenewalthroughouttheentirerealmoftheHouseofSavoy. PlaceGaribaldi,pedestriansincetheintroductionoftheNicetramway. ItisacrossroadsbetweentheVieuxNice(oldtown)andthetowncentre.PlaceGaribaldiisclosetotheeasterndistrictsofNice,PortLympia(LympiaHarbour),andtheTNLcommercialcentre.Thissquareisalsoajunctionofseveralimportantstreets:theboulevardJean-Jaurès,theavenuedelaRépublique,therueCassiniandtherueCatherine-Ségurane. PlaceRossetti[edit] Entirelyenclosedandpedestrianised,thissquareislocatedintheheartoftheoldtown.Withtypicalbuildingsinredandyellowochressurroundingthesquare,thecathédraleSainte-Réparateandthefountaininthecentre,placeRossettiisamust-seespotintheoldtown.Byday,theplaceisinvadedbytheterracesoftraditionalrestaurantsandthefinestice-creammakers.Bynight,theenvironmentchangesradically,withtouristsandyouthsflockingtothesquare,wheremusicreverberatesonthewallsofthesmallsquare.Thesquare'slightingatnightgivesitamagicalaspect. PlaceRossettiisinthecentreoftheoldtown,streetsJesus,Rossetti,MascoïnatandthePont-vieux(oldbridge) CoursSaleya[edit] SaleyaCourse(2007) TheCoursSaleyaissituatedparalleltotheQuaidesÉtats-Unis.Inthepast,itbelongedtotheupperclasses.Itisprobablythemosttraditionalsquareofthetown,withitsdailyflowermarket.TheCoursSaleyaalsoopensonthePalaisdesRoisSardes(PalaceoftheKingsofSardinia).Inthepresent,thecourtismostlyaplaceofentertainment. PlaceduPalais[edit] PlaceduPalaisviewoftheRuscapalace Asitsnameindicates,thePlaceduPalaisiswherethePalaisdelaJustice(Lawcourts)ofNiceislocated.Onthissquare,therealsoisthePalaisRusca,whichalsobelongstothejusticedepartment(homeofthetribunaldegrandeinstance). Thesquareisalsonotableduetothepresenceofthecityclock.Today,thePlaceduPalaisisalivedayandnight.Often,groupsofyouthswillhangoutonthestepsleadingtothePalaisdelaJustice.Concerts,films,andothermajorpubliceventsfrequentlyoccurinthisspace. ItissituatedhalfwaybetweentheCoursSaleyaandPlaceMasséna. Administration[edit] ThePalaisdeJustice LocatedintheProvence-Alpes-Côted'Azurregion,Niceisacommuneandtheprefecture(administrativecapital)oftheAlpes-Maritimesdépartement.However,itisalsothelargestcityinFrancethatisnotaregionalcapital;themuchlargerMarseilleisitsregionalcapital.ChristianEstrosi,itsmayor,isamemberoftheRepublicans(formerlytheUnionforaPopularMovement),thepartysupportingformerPresidentNicolasSarkozy. Thecityisdividedintoninecantons:Nice-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and9. Coatofarms[edit] ArmsoftheCountyofNice TheCoatofArmsofNiceappearedforthefirsttimeinacopyoftheRegulationsofAmadeusVIII,probablywrittenaround1430.[28]TheNiceissymbolisedbyaredeagleonsilverbackground,placedonthreemountains,whichcanbedescribedinFrenchheraldiclanguageas"d'argentàuneaigledegueuleposéesurtroiscoupeaux".[28]("Uponsilveraredeagleisdisplayed,poseduponthreemounds.") Thearmshaveonlyundergoneminorchanges:theeaglehasbecomemoreandmorestylised,itnow"wears"acoronetfortheCountyofNice,andthethreemountainsarenowsurroundedbyastylisedsea.[28] Thepresenceoftheeagle,animperialemblem,showsthatthesearmsarerelatedtothepoweroftheHouseofSavoy.TheeaglestandingoverthethreehillsisadepictionofSavoy,referringtoitsdominationoverthecountryaroundNice.[28]Thecombinationofsilverandred(argentandgules)isareferencetothecoloursoftheflagofSavoy.[28]Thethreemountainssymboliseaterritorialhonour,withoutconcernforgeographicrealism.[28] Geography[edit] Niceconsistsoftwolargebays.Villefranche-sur-Mersitsonanenclosedbay,whilethemainexpanseofthecityliesbetweentheoldportcityandtheAeroportdeCôted'Azur,acrossagentlycurvingbay.Thecityrisesfromtheflatbeachintogentlerisinghills,thenisboundedbysurroundingmountainsthatrepresenttheSouthernandnearlytheWesternextentoftheLigurianAlpsrange. Flora[edit] Thissectiondoesnotciteanysources.Pleasehelpimprovethissectionbyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(November2017)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) ThenaturalvegetationofNiceistypicalforaMediterraneanlandscape,withaheavyrepresentationofbroadleafevergreenshrubs.Treestendtobescatteredbutformdenseforestsinsomeareas.Largenativetreespeciesincludeevergreenssuchasholmoak,stonepineandarbutus.Manyintroducedspeciesgrowinparksandgardens.Palms,eucalyptusandcitrusfruitsareamongthetreeswhichgiveNiceasubtropicalappearance.Buttherearealsospeciesfamiliartotemperateareasaroundtheworld;examplesincludehorsechestnut,lindenandevenNorwayspruce. Climate[edit] Nicehasahot-summerMediterraneanclimate(Köppen:Csa),enjoyingmildwinterswithmoderaterainfall.ItisoneofthewarmestMediterraneanclimatesforitslatitude.Summersarewarmtohot,dry,andsunny.Rainfallisrareinthisseason,andatypicalJulymonthonlyrecordsoneortwodayswithmeasurablerainfall.Thetemperatureistypicallyabove26 °C(79 °F)butrarelyabove32 °C(90 °F).Theclimatedataisrecordedfromtheairport,locatedjustmetresfromthesea.Summertemperatures,therefore,areoftenhigherinthecity.TheaveragemaximumtemperatureinthewarmestmonthsofJulyandAugustisabout27 °C(81 °F).Thehighestrecordedtemperaturewas37.7 °C(99.9 °F)on1August2006.AutumngenerallystartssunnyinSeptemberandbecomesmorecloudyandrainytowardsOctober,whiletemperaturesusuallyremainabove20 °C(68 °F)untilNovemberwheredaysstarttocooldowntoaround17 °C(63 °F). Wintersarecharacterisedbymilddays(11to17 °C(52to63 °F)),coolnights(4to9 °C(39to48 °F)),andvariableweather.Dayscanbeeithersunnyanddryordampandrainy.TheaverageminimumtemperatureinJanuaryisaround5 °C(41 °F).Frostisunusualandsnowfallsarerare.ThemostrecentsnowfallinNicewason26February2018.[29]Nicealsoreceivedadustingofsnowin2005,2009and2010.SpringstartscoolandrainyinlateMarch,andNicebecomesincreasinglywarmandsunnyaroundJune. ClimatedataforNice(NiceCôted'AzurAirport),elevation:4 mor13 ft,1981–2010normals,extremes1942–present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Recordhigh°C(°F) 22.5(72.5) 25.8(78.4) 26.1(79.0) 26.0(78.8) 30.3(86.5) 36.8(98.2) 37.0(98.6) 37.7(99.9) 33.9(93.0) 29.9(85.8) 25.4(77.7) 22.0(71.6) 37.7(99.9) Averagehigh°C(°F) 13.1(55.6) 13.4(56.1) 15.2(59.4) 17.0(62.6) 20.7(69.3) 24.3(75.7) 27.3(81.1) 27.7(81.9) 24.6(76.3) 21.0(69.8) 16.6(61.9) 13.8(56.8) 19.6(67.3) Dailymean°C(°F) 9.2(48.6) 9.6(49.3) 11.6(52.9) 13.6(56.5) 17.4(63.3) 20.9(69.6) 23.8(74.8) 24.1(75.4) 21.0(69.8) 17.4(63.3) 12.9(55.2) 10.0(50.0) 16.0(60.8) Averagelow°C(°F) 5.3(41.5) 5.9(42.6) 7.9(46.2) 10.2(50.4) 14.1(57.4) 17.5(63.5) 20.3(68.5) 20.5(68.9) 17.3(63.1) 13.7(56.7) 9.2(48.6) 6.3(43.3) 12.4(54.3) Recordlow°C(°F) −7.2(19.0) −5.8(21.6) −5.0(23.0) 2.9(37.2) 3.7(38.7) 8.1(46.6) 11.7(53.1) 11.4(52.5) 7.6(45.7) 4.2(39.6) 0.1(32.2) −2.7(27.1) −7.2(19.0) Averageprecipitationmm(inches) 69.0(2.72) 44.7(1.76) 38.7(1.52) 69.3(2.73) 44.6(1.76) 34.3(1.35) 12.1(0.48) 17.8(0.70) 73.1(2.88) 132.8(5.23) 103.9(4.09) 92.7(3.65) 733.0(28.86) Averageprecipitationdays(≥1.0mm) 5.8 4.7 4.6 7.1 5.2 3.8 1.8 2.4 4.9 7.2 7.2 6.4 61.2 Averagesnowydays 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.2 Meanmonthlysunshinehours 157.7 171.2 217.5 224.0 267.1 306.1 347.5 315.8 242.0 187.0 149.3 139.3 2,724.2 Averageultravioletindex 1 2 4 5 7 8 8 7 5 3 2 1 4 Source1:Météo-France[30] Source2:WeatherAtlas[31] ClimatedataforNice(NiceCôted'AzurAirport),elevation:4 mor13 ft,1961-1990normalsandextremes Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Recordhigh°C(°F) 19.6(67.3) 25.8(78.4) 23.8(74.8) 25.2(77.4) 30.3(86.5) 31.1(88.0) 35.7(96.3) 34.4(93.9) 33.9(93.0) 29.9(85.8) 23.8(74.8) 21.3(70.3) 35.7(96.3) Meanmaximum°C(°F) 14.7(58.5) 17.6(63.7) 16.5(61.7) 18.1(64.6) 21.8(71.2) 25.1(77.2) 28.7(83.7) 28.4(83.1) 26.4(79.5) 22.7(72.9) 17.7(63.9) 14.7(58.5) 28.7(83.7) Averagehigh°C(°F) 12.6(54.7) 13.1(55.6) 14.7(58.5) 16.6(61.9) 19.7(67.5) 23.1(73.6) 26.5(79.7) 26.8(80.2) 24.3(75.7) 21.0(69.8) 16.4(61.5) 13.6(56.5) 19.0(66.3) Dailymean°C(°F) 8.7(47.7) 9.4(48.9) 11.0(51.8) 13.1(55.6) 16.4(61.5) 19.8(67.6) 22.9(73.2) 23.1(73.6) 20.5(68.9) 17.0(62.6) 12.5(54.5) 9.7(49.5) 15.3(59.6) Averagelow°C(°F) 4.8(40.6) 5.8(42.4) 7.3(45.1) 9.7(49.5) 13.0(55.4) 16.3(61.3) 19.3(66.7) 19.4(66.9) 16.9(62.4) 13.3(55.9) 8.4(47.1) 5.7(42.3) 11.7(53.0) Meanminimum°C(°F) 2.1(35.8) 2.5(36.5) 4.1(39.4) 8.1(46.6) 11.0(51.8) 14.8(58.6) 17.3(63.1) 17.0(62.6) 13.8(56.8) 8.4(47.1) 6.9(44.4) 3.2(37.8) 2.1(35.8) Recordlow°C(°F) −7.2(19.0) −5.8(21.6) −5.0(23.0) 2.9(37.2) 6.6(43.9) 8.1(46.6) 10.0(50.0) 13.0(55.4) 7.6(45.7) 4.5(40.1) 0.6(33.1) −2.7(27.1) −7.2(19.0) Averageprecipitationmm(inches) 61.3(2.41) 50.8(2.00) 66.2(2.61) 57.0(2.24) 37.4(1.47) 30.8(1.21) 6.5(0.26) 24.5(0.96) 29.5(1.16) 78.9(3.11) 91.5(3.60) 67.1(2.64) 601.5(23.67) Averageprecipitationdays(≥1.0mm) 6.8 6.4 6.1 6.3 5.2 4.1 1.9 3.1 4.0 5.8 7.0 6.0 62.7 Averagesnowydays 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 1.4 Averagerelativehumidity(%) 67 68 69 72 75 75 73 72 74 73 71 67 71.3 Meanmonthlysunshinehours 150.3 151.9 202.3 226.9 269.8 295.7 340.4 306.8 238.7 205.0 155.5 150.9 2,694.2 Percentpossiblesunshine 53 52 55 57 60 65 74 72 64 61 55 55 60 Source1:NOAA[32] Source2:Infoclimat.fr(humidity)[33] ClimatedataforNice Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Averageseatemperature°C(°F) 13.4(56.1) 13.0(55.4) 13.4(56.1) 14.6(58.3) 18.0(64.4) 21.8(71.2) 23.1(73.6) 23.6(74.5) 22.2(72.0) 19.6(67.3) 17.4(63.3) 14.9(58.8) 17.9(64.3) Meandailydaylighthours 9.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 12.2 Source:WeatherAtlas[31] NiceseenfromSpotSatellite Economyandtourism[edit] NiceistheseatoftheChambredecommerceetd'industrieNiceCôted'Azur,whichmanagesthePortofNice.InvestorsfromFranceandabroadcanbenefitfromtheassistanceoftheCôted'AzurEconomicDevelopmentAgencyTeamCôted'Azur. Nicehasoneconferencecentre:thePalaisdesCongrèsAcropolis.Thecityalsohasseveralbusinessparks,includingl'Arenas,NicethePlain,NiceMéridia,SaintIsidore,andtheNorthernForum. Inaddition,thecityfeaturesseveralshoppingcentressuchasNicetoile,NiceTNL,NiceLingostière,NorthernForum,St-Isidore,theTrinity(aroundtheAuchanhypermarket),Cap3000inSaint-Laurent-du-VarandPolygoneRivierainCagnes-sur-Mer. SophiaAntipolisisatechnologyparknorthwestofAntibes.MuchoftheparkiswithinthecommuneofValbonne.Establishedbetween1970and1984,itprimarilyhousescompaniesinthefieldsofcomputing,electronics,pharmacologyandbiotechnology.Severalinstitutionsofhigherlearningarealsolocatedhere,alongwiththeEuropeanheadquartersofW3C. TheNicemetropolitanareahadaGDPamountingto$47.7billion,and$34,480percapita,[34]slightlylowerthantheFrenchaverage. Transport[edit] Port[edit] PortofNice ThemainportofNiceisalsoknownasLympiaport.ThisnamecomesfromtheLympiaspringwhichfedasmalllakeinamarshyzonewhereworkontheportwasstartedin1745.[citationneeded]TodaythisistheprincipalharbourinstallationofNice–thereisalsoasmallportintheCarrasdistrict.TheportisthefirstportcementmanufacturerinFrance,linkedtothetreatmentplantsoftherollersofthevalleyofPaillon.Fishingactivitiesremainbutthenumberofprofessionalfishermenisnowlessthan10.[citationneeded]Nice,beingthepointofcontinentalFrancenearesttoCorsica,hasferryconnectionswiththeislanddevelopedwiththearrivalofNGV(naviresàgrandevitesse)orhigh-speedcraft.TheconnectionsareprovidedbyCorsicaFerries-SardiniaFerries.Locatedinfrontoftheport,thePlaceCassinihasbeenrenamedPlaceofCorsica. Airport[edit] NiceCôted'AzurAirportisthethirdbusiestairportinFranceafterCharlesdeGaulleAirportandOrlyAirport,bothnearParis.ItisonthePromenadedesAnglais,nearl'Arénasandhastwoterminals.DuetoitsproximitytothePrincipalityofMonaco,italsoservesasthatcity–state'sairport.AhelicopterserviceprovidedbyHeliAirMonacoandMonacairlinksthecityandairport.ItisrunbytheACA(AéroportsCôted'Azur),whichincludesCannes-MandelieuAirportandLaMôle–Saint-TropezAirport.PublictransportationintothecityproperisservicedbytheTramwayline2(T2). Rail[edit] ThemainrailwaystationisNice-Ville,servedbothbyhighspeedTGVtrainsconnectingParisandNiceinlessthan6hoursandbylocalcommuterTERservices.Marseilleisreachedin2.5hours.NicealsohasinternationalconnectionstoItaly,Switzerland,Belgium,andRussia.[35]NiceisalsoservedbyseveralsuburbanstationsincludingNiceSt-Augustin,NiceSt-RochandNiceRiquier. NiceisalsothesouthernterminusoftheindependentlyrunCheminsdeFerdeProvencerailwaylinewhichconnectsthecitywithDigneinapproximatively4hoursfromtheNiceCPstation.Ametro-likesuburbanserviceisalsoprovidedonthesouthernpartoftheline. Tram[edit] TramwaydeNicebeganoperatinghorse-drawntramsin1879.Electrifiedin1900,thecombinedlengthofthenetworkreached144 km(89+1⁄2 mi)by1930.Thereplacementoftramswithtrolleybusesbeganin1948andwascompletedin1953. In2007,thenewTramwaydeNicelinkedthenorthernandeasternsuburbsviathecitycentre.Twootherlinesarecurrentlyoperating.Thesecondlinerunseast–westfromJeanMédecintotheNiceCôted'AzurAirportandreachesthePort,whilethethirdlineprovidesaconnectiontothefutureTGVNiceSaint-AugustinandtoLingostièrerailwaystation.[36]AfourthlineissettorunfromthefutureTGVNiceSaint-AugustintoCagnes-sur-Mer. Road[edit] TheA8autorouteandtheRoutenationale7passthroughtheNiceagglomeration. Sportsandentertainment[edit] StadeduRay(demolished) AllianzRiviera StadeCharles-Ehrmann PalaisNikaia NiceJazzFestival NiceCarnaval Sport[edit] AllianzRiviera Thecity'smajorfootballclubisOGCNice.TheyplayinLigue1(thetopdivisioninFrance). TheOlympicNiceswimmingclub(French:OlympicNiceNatation)isalsonotable;CamilleMuffatandYannickAgnelusedtotrainthereforexample.[37] NicehoststhefinishoftheannualcyclingraceParis–Nice. TheNiceHockeyÉliteclubplayinLigueMagnus,thetopmen'sdivisionoftheFrenchicehockeypyramid. TheStadeNiçoisisarugbyclubplayinginFédérale1. Population[edit] HistoricalpopulationYearPop.±%p.a.179324,117—    180018,475−3.74%180619,783+1.15%182225,231+1.53%183833,811+1.85%184839,000+1.44%185844,091+1.23%186148,273+3.07%186650,180+0.78%187252,377+0.72%187653,397+0.48%188166,279+4.42%188677,478+3.17%189188,273+2.64%189693,760+1.21%1901105,109+2.31%1906134,232+5.01%YearPop.±%p.a.1911142,940+1.27%1921155,839+0.87%1926184,441+3.43%1931219,549+3.55%1936241,916+1.96%1946211,165−1.35%1954244,360+1.84%1962292,958+2.29%1968322,442+1.61%1975344,481+0.95%1982337,085−0.31%1990342,439+0.20%1999343,123+0.02%2007348,721+0.20%2012343,629−0.29%2017340,017−0.21%Source:EHESS[38]andINSEE[39] Asof2018[update],theurbanarea(unitéurbaine)ofNice,definedbyINSEE,ishometo944,321inhabitants(seventhmostpopulousinFrance)anditsmetropolitanarea(aireurbaine)totals609,695inhabitants,whichmakesitthe13thlargestinFrance.[2]PartoftheurbanareaofNicebelongstothemetropolitanareaofCannes–Antibes. Sincethe1970s,thenumberofinhabitantshasnotchangedsignificantly;therelativelyhighmigrationtoNiceisbalancedbyanaturalnegativegrowthofthepopulation. Observatory[edit] ViewoftheBischoffsheimcupola,themaincupolaofNiceObservatory TheObservatoiredeNice(NiceObservatory)islocatedonthesummitofMontGros.Theobservatorywasestablishedin1879bythebankerRaphaëlBischoffsheim.ThearchitectwasCharlesGarnier;GustaveEiffeldesignedthemaindome. The76-cm(30-inch)refractortelescopethatbecameoperationalin1888wasatthattimetheworld'slargesttelescope. Culture[edit] Terra-Amata,anarchaeologicalsitedatingfromtheLowerPalaeolithicage,issituatednearNice.NiceitselfwasestablishedbytheancientGreeks.TherewasalsoanindependentRomancity,Cemenelum,nearNice,wherethehillofCimiezislocated.Itisanarchaeologicalsitewithtreasures,ofwhichonlyasmallparthasbeenexcavated.Theexcavatedsiteincludesthermalbaths,arenasandRomanroad.[citationneeded] Sincethe2ndcenturyAD,thelightofthecityhasattractedpaintersandsculptorssuchasChagall,Matisse,NikideSaintPhalle,Klein,ArmanandSosno.Niceinspiredmanycomposersandintellectualsindifferentcountriese.g.Berlioz,Rossini,Nietzsche,etc. Nicealsohasnumerousmuseumsofallkinds:MuséeMarcChagall,MuséeMatisse(arenasofCimiezcontainingRomanruins),MuséedesBeaux-Arts,Muséeinternationald'ArtnaïfAnatoleJakovsky,MuséeTerra-Amata,MuseumofAsianArt,Muséed'artmoderneetd'artcontemporain(whichdevotesmuchspacetothewell-knownÉcoleofNice"),MuseumofNaturalHistory,MuséeMasséna,NavalMuseumandGaleriedesPonchettes. Beingavacationresort,Nicehostsmanyfestivalsthroughouttheyear,suchastheNiceCarnivalandtheNiceJazzFestival. Nicehasadistinctcultureduetoitsuniquehistory.ThelocallanguageNiçard(Nissart)isanOccitandialect(butsomeItalianscholarsarguethatitisaLiguriandialect).[citationneeded]Itisstillspokenbyasubstantialminority.[citationneeded]StrongItalianand(toalesserextent)CorsicaninfluencesmakeitmoreintelligibletospeakersofItalianthanotherextantProvençaldialects. Inthepast,NicehaswelcomedmanyimmigrantsfromItaly(whocontinuetomakeupalargeproportionofthepopulation),aswellasSpanishandPortugueseimmigrants.However,inthepastfewdecadesimmigrationhasbeenopenedtoincludeimmigrantsfromallovertheworld,particularlythosefromformerNorthernandWesternAfricancolonies,aswellasSoutheastAsia.[citationneeded]Traditionsarestillalive,especiallyinfolkmusicanddances,includingthefarandole–anopen-chaincommunitydance. Since1860acannon(basedattheChâteaueastofOldNice)isshotattwelveo'clocksharp.Thedetonationcanbeheardalmostalloverthecity.ThistraditiongoesbacktoSirThomasCoventry,whointendedtoremindthecitizensofhavinglunchontime.[40] Cuisine[edit] ThecuisineofNiceisespeciallyclosetothoseofProvencebutalsoLiguriaandPiedmontanduseslocalingredients(oliveoil,anchovies,fruitandvegetables)butalsothosefrommoreremoteregions,inparticularfromNorthernEurope,becauseshipswhichcametopickupoliveoilarrivedfulloffoodproducts,suchasdriedhaddock. Nicehasafewlocaldishes.Thereisalocaltartmadewithonionsandanchovies(oranchovypaste),named"Pissaladière".Soccaisatypeofpancakemadefromchickpeaflour.Farcisniçoisisadishmadefromvegetablesstuffedwithamixtureofbreadcrumbs,meat(generallysausageandgroundbeef),andherbs;andsaladeniçoiseisatomatosaladwithgreenpeppersofthe"Corne"variety,bakedeggs,tunaoranchovies,andolives. Localmeatcomesfromneighbouringvalleys,suchasthesheepofSisteron.Localfish,suchasmullets,bream,seaurchins,andanchovies(alevins)areusedtoagreatextent,somuchsothatithasgivenbirthtoaproverb:"fisharebornintheseaanddieinoil".[41] ExamplesofNiçoisspecialtiesinclude: Saladeniçoise. Saladeniçoise Pan-bagnat Ratatouille Daube Pissaladière Socca Barbajuan Tapenade Fougasse Flowerparade Education[edit] Côted'AzurUniversity InstitutEurécom Écoledeshautesétudescommercialesdunord Écolepourl'informatiqueetlesnouvellestechnologies VillaArson ESRAfilmschool Institutsupérieureuropéendeformationparl'action IPAGBusinessSchool Supinfo SkemaBusinessSchool Internationalrelations[edit] Thissectionneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.(February2015)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Seealso:ListoftwintownsandsistercitiesinFrance Niceistwinnedwith:[42] Alicante,Spain Antananarivo,Madagascar CanTho,Vietnam Cartagena,Colombia Cuneo,Italy Edinburgh,UK[43][44] Gdańsk,Poland Hangzhou,China Houston,UnitedStates Kamakura,Japan Laval,Canada Libreville,Gabon Locarno,Switzerland[45] Louisiana(state),UnitedStates Manila,Philippines Miami,UnitedStates Netanya,Israel[46] Nouméa,NewCaledonia Nuremberg,Germany Nur-Sultan,Kazakhstan[47] Papeete,France Phuket,Thailand RiodeJaneiro,Brazil Saint-Denis,France SaintPetersburg,Russia SantaCruzdeTenerife,Spain Sorrento,Italy Szeged,Hungary Thessaloniki,Greece[48] Xiamen,China Yalta,UkraineorRussia(disputed) Yerevan,Armenia[49] Notablepeople[edit] NicholasAlexandrovich–tsesarevich,theheirapparent,ofImperialRussiadiedinNiceandwaspatronoftheRussianOrthodoxCemetery,Nice LouisAragon–Poetandnovelistandhiswife,theRussian-bornwriterElsaTriolet,livedclandestinelyinNiceduringWorldWarII TheAvener(born1987)–musicalartistandDJ,borninNice JeanBehra(1921–1959)–racingdriver,borninNice CyprienIov(born1989)–knownsimplyasCyprien,comedian,actorborninNice ElliotBenchetrit(born1998)–tennisplayer FredaBetti(1924–1979)–operasinger HenriBetti(1917–2005)–composerandpianist PriscillaBetti(born1989)–singerandactress JulesBianchi(1989–2015)–Formula1Driver SuryaBonaly(born1973)–figureskater AlexyBosetti(born1993)–footballer AlbertCalmette(1863–1933)–physician,bacteriologistandimmunologist RenéCassin–jurist,lawprofessorandjudge,formerstudentofNice'sLycéeMassena,hereceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1968[50] HenryCavendish–Britishscientistnotedforhisdiscoveryofhydrogen ÉricCiotti(born1965)–politician,borninNice AlfredVanCleef–jewelerburiedinNiceattheCimetièreduChâteau AlizéCornet–tennisplayer KasperDolberg–Danishfootballplayer MarcDuret(born1957)–French-Americanactoranddirector,starringinTheBigBlue,LaFemmeNikita,Lahaine,Borgia,Outlander,borninNice ChristianEstrosi(born1955)–borninNice,mayorfrom2008to2016andagainsince2017 JacquelineEymar(1922–2008)–classicalpianist Feder(born1987)–musicalartistandDJ,borninNice LéonGambetta(1838–1881)–politician,buriedinNice GiuseppeGaribaldi(1807–1882)–Italiangeneral,politicianandpatriot RenéGoscinny–Asterixcreator,buriedinNice JamesCHarris–19thcenturyBritishconsulatNice;paintedmanyscenesinandaroundthecity JoséGustavoGuerrero–firstpresidentoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeburiedinNiceatCimetièreduChâteau DominicHoward–drummerforMusecurrentlylivesinNice DominiqueJean-Zéphirin–footballer EmilJellinek-Mercedes–GeneralCounselforAustria-Hungary,andfounderofMercedescarcompanyburiedinNiceatCimetièreduChâteau EltonJohn–singer,ownedahouseinMontBorononthehillsofNice DavidKadouch(born1985),pianistandchambermusician AlexisKossenko–classicalflautistandconductor GeorgesLautner–directorborninNice,buriedinthecemeteryoftheCastle J.M.G.LeClézio–authorandprofessor,wasawardedthe2008NobelPrizeinLiterature[51] HugoLloris–footballer HeinrichMann–Germannovelist(andbrotherofThomasMann)livedinNice AndréMasséna–1stDucdeRivoli,1stPrinced'Essling,oneoftheoriginal18MarshalsoftheEmpire,FrenchmilitarycommanderduringtheRevolutionaryandNapoleonicWars,hisnicknamewasl'EnfantchéridelaVictoire("theDearChildofVictory")[52] Jean-PierreMocky–filmdirector,actor,screenwriterandproducer AmedeoModiglianilivedforafewmonthsinNicewithhiscompanionJeanneHébuterne;shegavebirthtotheirdaughterGiovannain1918. MohammedVI,kingofMorocco,obtainedthetitleofDoctorofLawattheUniversityofNiceSophiaAntipolis JacquesOchs(1883–1971)–artistandOlympicfencingchampion ClairemarieOsta–balletdancer,étoileatParisOperaBallet PinoPresti–Italianbassist,arranger,composer,conductorandrecordproducer,haslivedinNicesince2004[53] FabioQuartararo–FrenchMotoGPWorldChampion AugusteRenoir–hadhisstudioinNicefrom1911to1919atthecorneroftheRueAlfredMortierandtheQuaiStJeanBaptiste.Acommemorativeplaqueisaffixedtoit. DickRivers–bornHervéForneri,rocksinger,borninNicein1945 RobertW.Service–poetandwriteroftheKlondikeGoldRushlivedinNiceduringthesummersfrom1916to1940[54] JoannSfar–comicsartist,comicbookcreatorandfilmdirector MichelSiffre–adventurerandscientist GillesSimon–tennisplayer MichaelSinterniklaas(born1972)–Americanvoiceactor AiméTeisseire(1914–2008)–FrenchArmyofficer,livedinNiceafterhisretirementfromthemilitaryuntilhisdeathattheageof93[55] SimoneVeil–lawyerandpoliticianwhoservedasMinisterofHealth,PresidentoftheEuropeanParliamentandmemberoftheConstitutionalCouncilofFrance;survivoroftheAuschwitz-Birkenauconcentrationcamp QueenVictoria–QueenoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland,EmpressofIndia,stayedmanywintersinNice ValérieZenatti(born1970)–writer Honorarycitizens[edit] Charles,PrinceofWalesreceivedthehonorarycitizenshipofNiceon8May2018[56] Seealso[edit] Franceportal 37thG8summit Charles-LéonceBrossé CimetièreduChâteau EuropeanInstituteofHighInternationalStudies LeMéridien Nicebiscuit RugbyNiceCôted'AzurUniversité-Racing RussianOrthodoxCemetery,Nice AlbertSpaggiari References[edit] ^"Populationslégales2019".TheNationalInstituteofStatisticsandEconomicStudies.29December2021. ^abcdeComparateurdeterritoire:Aired'attractiondesvilles2020deNice(017),Unitéurbaine2020deNice(06701),CommunedeNice(06088),INSEE,retrieved20June2022. ^Demographia:WorldUrbanAreasArchived7February2020attheWaybackMachine,Demographia.com,April2016 ^Ruggiero,Alain,ed.(2006).NouvellehistoiredeNice.Toulouse:Privat.pp. 17–18.ISBN 978-2-7089-8335-9. ^AlainRuggiero,op.cit.,p.137 ^"Nice,Francetravel.ComprehensiveguidetoNice".Europe-cities.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17April2011.Retrieved3April2011. ^ab"SouthernFrenchcityofNiceearnsUNESCOworldheritagestatus".France24.27July2021.Retrieved30July2021. ^Unsavoir-faireetunéquipementcompletenmatièred'accueil,UrbancommunityofNiceCôted'AzurwebsiteArchived24February2009attheWaybackMachine ^LeschiffresclésdutourismeàNice,sitemunicipalArchived17December2007attheWaybackMachine ^"Uniondesaéroportsfrançais–Résultatsd'activitédesaéroportsfrançais2007–Traficpassagers2007classement–page8"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on29February2012.Retrieved3April2011. ^abcdefghijkl Oneormoreoftheprecedingsentences incorporatestextfromapublicationnowinthepublicdomain: Chisholm,Hugh,ed.(1911)."Nice".EncyclopædiaBritannica.Vol. 19(11th ed.).CambridgeUniversityPress.pp. 646–647. ^"LeNouveauvenu"(inFrench).MuséedePaléontologieHumainedeTerraAmata.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11March2009.Retrieved5March2009. ^A.G.Wintle;M.J:Aitken(July1997)."Thermoluminescencedatingofburntflint:applicationtoaLowerPaleolithicsite,TerraAmata".Archaeometry.19(2):111–130.doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1977.tb00189.x.Archivedfromtheoriginalon29June2017.Retrieved5March2009. ^"TheChsteauofVilleneuve-Loubet".Villeneuve-LoubetGuideandHotels.Archivedfromtheoriginalon26April2014.Retrieved30September2009. ^""Unnizzardosuquattropreselaviadell'esilio"inseguitoall'unitàd'Italia,diceloscrittoreCasalinoPierluigi"(inItalian).28August2017.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19February2020.Retrieved14May2021. ^"Nizzaeilsuofuturo"(inItalian).LiberàNissa.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3February2019.Retrieved26December2018. ^"NiceGrandPrix".Archivedfromtheoriginalon25September2019.Retrieved25September2019. ^LéonPoliakov,LaconditionsdesJuifssousl'occupationitalienne,Paris,CDJC,1946andbibliographiesofAngeloDonatiandPèreMarie-Benoît ^Pogatchnik,Shawn(23May2002)."IrishreferendumonNiceTreaty'doomedtofailagain'".TheIndependent.Archivedfromtheoriginalon12May2020.Retrieved17March2020. ^Almasy,Steve(14July2016)."Nicemayor:'Tensofdead'whentruckrunsintocrowd".CNN.Archivedfromtheoriginalon15July2016.Retrieved14July2016. ^"Nicetruckattackclaims86thvictim".StarTribune.19August2016.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21August2016.Retrieved17November2016. ^"Niceattack:Atleast84killedduringBastilleDaycelebrations".BBCNews.15July2016.Archivedfromtheoriginalon18April2019.Retrieved15July2016. ^Duffield,Charlie(14July2020)."Niceattack:Whathappenedinthe2016BastilleDaykillings".www.standard.co.uk.Archivedfromtheoriginalon27July2020.Retrieved25February2021. ^Gaillard,Eric(29October2020)."ThreedeadaswomanbeheadedinknifeattackatFrenchchurch".Reuters.Archivedfromtheoriginalon30October2020.Retrieved29October2020. ^Tidman,Zoe(29October2020)."Nicestabbings:WomandecapitatedandotherskilledinFranceknifeattack".TheIndependent.Archivedfromtheoriginalon29October2020.Retrieved29October2020. ^Nash,Dennison(1979)."Theriseandfallofanaristocratictouristculture:Nice:1763–1936".AnnalsofTourismResearch.6(1):65.doi:10.1016/0160-7383(79)90095-1. ^Mitchell,L.G.(1994)."Voyagesaupaysdesmangeursdegrenouilles:LaFrancevueparlesBritanniquesduXVIIsiecleanosjours".TheEnglishHistoricalReview.109(433):1018.doi:10.1093/ehr/CXI.433.1018.Archivedfromtheoriginalon31January2021.Retrieved4October2020. ^abcdefRalphSchor(Editedby),DictionnairehistoriqueetbiographiqueducomtédeNice(HistoricalandbiographicaldictionaryoftheCountyofNice),Nice,Serre,2002,ISBN 978-2-86410-366-0,pp.22–23(inFrench) ^"FrenchRivierahitbysnowfallArchived12August2018attheWaybackMachine".TheLocalfr.TheLocalEuropeAB.26February2018. ^"Nice(06)"(PDF).FicheClimatologique:Statistiques1981–2010etrecords(inFrench).MeteoFrance.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on6March2018.Retrieved6March2018. ^ab"Nice,France–Climatedata".WeatherAtlas.Archivedfromtheoriginalon12February2020.Retrieved15April2017. ^"Nice(07690)-WMOWeatherStation".NOAA.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22July2019.Retrieved22July2019. ^"Normesetrecords1961–1990:Nice–Côted'Azur(06)–altitude4m"(inFrench).Infoclimat.Archivedfromtheoriginalon15March2016.Retrieved10March2018. ^"GlobalcityGDP2011".BrookingsInstitution.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5June2013.Retrieved4March2013. ^"FrenchRivieratrainforRussia".BBCNews.23September2010.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24September2010.Retrieved24September2010. ^"Datesetchiffresclés/Laligne1/Accueil–TramwaydelaCommunautéUrbaineNiceCôted'Azur"(inFrench).Tramway.nice.fr.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6September2011.Retrieved15September2011. ^"OlympicNiceNatationhomepage"(inFrench).OlympicNiceNatation.Archivedfromtheoriginalon12August2014.Retrieved17September2014. ^DesvillagesdeCassiniauxcommunesd'aujourd'hui:CommunedatasheetNice,EHESS.(inFrench) ^Populationenhistoriquedepuis1968Archived10March2021attheWaybackMachine,INSEE ^Nice–FrenchRiviera:NoonontheDotfromfrancemonthly.com.Retrieved11February2013. ^Jack,Albert(2010).WhatCaesarDidForMySalad:TheSecretMeaningsofourFavouriteDishes.London:PenguinUK.ISBN 9780141929927. ^"VillesjumeléesaveclaVilledeNice"(inFrench).VilledeNice.Archivedfromtheoriginalon29October2012.Retrieved24June2013. ^"TwinandPartnerCities".CityofEdinburghCouncil.Archivedfromtheoriginalon14June2012.Retrieved16January2009. ^"BritishtownstwinnedwithFrenchtowns[viaWaybackMachine.com]".ArchantCommunityMediaLtd.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5July2013.Retrieved20July2013. ^"CityofLocarno–TwinTowns&SisterCities".Archivedfromtheoriginalon10January2018.Retrieved10January2018. ^"Netanya–TwinCities".NetanyaMunicipality.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1February2013.Retrieved1August2013. ^"AstanaandNiceestablishedtwinrelations".Archivedfromtheoriginalon15October2014.Retrieved5July2013. ^"Twinnings"(PDF).CentralUnionofMunicipalities&CommunitiesofGreece.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on5August2019.Retrieved25August2013. ^"Yerevan–TwinTowns&SisterCities".YerevanMunicipalityOfficialWebsite.Archivedfromtheoriginalon31October2019.Retrieved4November2013. ^"RenéCassin".NobelFoundation.Archivedfromtheoriginalon5November2012.Retrieved22October2012. ^Lichfield,John(9October2008)."FrenchnovelistLeCléziowinsNobelliteratureprize".TheIndependent.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4November2012.Retrieved22October2012. ^GeneralMichelFranceschi(Ret.),Austerlitz(Montreal:InternationalNapoleonicSociety,2005),20. ^JazzophoneArchived29May2021attheWaybackMachine.Retrieved19December2016(inFrench). ^"Biography".RobertWServiceEstate.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2January2016.Retrieved3May2013. ^Muséedel'OrdredelaLibération."AiméTeisseire"Archived26January2016attheWaybackMachine.Retrieved19January2016(inFrench). ^"PrinceCharlesmadehonoraryNiçois".Connexionfrance.com.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20September2018.Retrieved21December2018. Furtherreading[edit] Seealso:BibliographyofthehistoryofNice Sykes,Colonel."StatisticsofNiceMaritime."JournaloftheStatisticalSocietyofLondon18.1(1855):34–73.online Herbermann,Charles,ed.(1913)."DioceseofNice" .CatholicEncyclopedia.NewYork:RobertAppletonCompany. Externallinks[edit] NiceatWikipedia'ssisterprojects DefinitionsfromWiktionaryMediafromCommonsNewsfromWikinewsQuotationsfromWikiquoteTextsfromWikisourceTextbooksfromWikibooksTravelguidesfromWikivoyageResourcesfromWikiversity OfficialwebsiteoftheCityofNice(inFrench) OfficialwebsiteofNiceMetropolis(inFrench) Nice,WinterResortTownoftheRivieraUNESCOcollectiononGoogleArtsandCulture VisitorsandConventionBureauNice(inFrenchandEnglish) NiceatCurlie France.fr–Nice–OfficialwebsitefortourisminFrance vtePrefecturesofthedepartmentsofFrance Bourg-en-Bresse(Ain) Laon(Aisne) Moulins(Allier) Digne-les-Bains(Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) Gap(Hautes-Alpes) Nice(Alpes-Maritimes) Privas(Ardèche) Charleville-Mézières(Ardennes) Foix(Ariège) Troyes(Aube) Carcassonne(Aude) Rodez(Aveyron) Marseille(Bouches-du-Rhône) Caen(Calvados) Aurillac(Cantal) Angoulême(Charente) LaRochelle(Charente-Maritime) Bourges(Cher) Tulle(Corrèze) Ajaccio(Corse-du-Sud) Bastia(Haute-Corse) Dijon(Côte-d'Or) Saint-Brieuc(Côtes-d'Armor) Guéret(Creuse) Périgueux(Dordogne) Besançon(Doubs) Valence(Drôme) Évreux(Eure) Chartres(Eure-et-Loir) Quimper(Finistère) Nîmes(Gard) Toulouse(Haute-Garonne) Auch(Gers) Bordeaux(Gironde) Montpellier(Hérault) Rennes(Ille-et-Vilaine) Châteauroux(Indre) Tours(Indre-et-Loire) Grenoble(Isère) Lons-le-Saunier(Jura) Mont-de-Marsan(Landes) Blois(Loir-et-Cher) Saint-Étienne(Loire) LePuy-en-Velay(Haute-Loire) Nantes(Loire-Atlantique) Orléans(Loiret) Cahors(Lot) Agen(Lot-et-Garonne) Mende(Lozère) Angers(Maine-et-Loire) Saint-Lô(Manche) Châlons-en-Champagne(Marne) Chaumont(Haute-Marne) Laval(Mayenne) Nancy(Meurthe-et-Moselle) Bar-le-Duc(Meuse) Vannes(Morbihan) Metz(Moselle) Nevers(Nièvre) Lille(Nord) Beauvais(Oise) Alençon(Orne) Arras(Pas-de-Calais) Clermont-Ferrand(Puy-de-Dôme) Pau(Pyrénées-Atlantiques) Tarbes(Hautes-Pyrénées) Perpignan(Pyrénées-Orientales) Strasbourg(Bas-Rhin) Colmar(Haut-Rhin) Lyon(Rhône) Vesoul(Haute-Saône) Mâcon(Saône-et-Loire) LeMans(Sarthe) Chambéry(Savoie) Annecy(Haute-Savoie) Paris(Paris) Rouen(Seine-Maritime) Melun(Seine-et-Marne) Versailles(Yvelines) Niort(Deux-Sèvres) Amiens(Somme) Albi(Tarn) Montauban(Tarn-et-Garonne) Toulon(Var) Avignon(Vaucluse) LaRoche-sur-Yon(Vendée) Poitiers(Vienne) Limoges(Haute-Vienne) Épinal(Vosges) Auxerre(Yonne) Belfort(TerritoiredeBelfort) Évry-Courcouronnes(Essonne) Nanterre(Hauts-de-Seine) Bobigny(Seine-Saint-Denis) Créteil(Val-de-Marne) Cergy,Pontoise(Val-d'Oise) Overseasdepartments Basse-Terre(Guadeloupe) Fort-de-France(Martinique) Cayenne(FrenchGuiana) Saint-Denis(Réunion) Mamoudzou(Mayotte) vteCommunesoftheAlpes-MaritimesdepartmentPrefecture Nice Subprefecture Grasse Other Aiglun Amirat Andon Antibes Ascros Aspremont Auribeau-sur-Siagne Auvare Bairols LeBar-sur-Loup Beaulieu-sur-Mer Beausoleil Belvédère Bendejun Berre-les-Alpes Beuil Bézaudun-les-Alpes Biot Blausasc LaBollène-Vésubie Bonson Bouyon Breil-sur-Roya Briançonnet LaBrigue LeBroc Cabris Cagnes-sur-Mer Caille Cannes LeCannet Cantaron Cap-d'Ail Carros Castagniers Castellar Castillon Caussols Châteauneuf-d'Entraunes Châteauneuf-Grasse Châteauneuf-Villevieille Cipières Clans Coaraze LaColle-sur-Loup Collongues Colomars Conségudes Contes Courmes Coursegoules LaCroix-sur-Roudoule Cuébris Daluis Drap Duranus Entraunes L'Escarène Escragnolles Èze Falicon LesFerres Fontan Gars Gattières LaGaude Gilette Gorbio Gourdon Gréolières Guillaumes Ilonse Isola Lantosque Levens Lieuche Lucéram Malaussène Mandelieu-la-Napoule Marie LeMas Massoins Menton Mouans-Sartoux Mougins Moulinet LesMujouls Opio Pégomas Peille Peillon LaPenne Péone Peymeinade Pierlas Pierrefeu Puget-Rostang Puget-Théniers Revest-les-Roches Rigaud Rimplas Roquebillière Roquebrune-Cap-Martin LaRoque-en-Provence Roquefort-les-Pins Roquestéron LaRoquette-sur-Siagne LaRoquette-sur-Var Roubion Roure LeRouret Saint-André-de-la-Roche Saint-Antonin Saint-Auban Saint-Blaise Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage Sainte-Agnès Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat Saint-Jeannet Saint-Laurent-du-Var Saint-Léger Saint-Martin-d'Entraunes Saint-Martin-du-Var Saint-Martin-Vésubie Saint-Paul-de-Vence Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey Sallagriffon Saorge Sauze Séranon Sigale Sospel Spéracèdes Tende Théoule-sur-Mer Thiéry LeTignet Toudon Touët-de-l'Escarène Touët-sur-Var LaTour Tourette-du-Château Tournefort Tourrette-Levens Tourrettes-sur-Loup LaTrinité LaTurbie Utelle Valbonne Valdeblore Valderoure Vallauris Venanson Vence Villars-sur-Var Villefranche-sur-Mer Villeneuve-d'Entraunes Villeneuve-Loubet vteCitiesinFrancebypopulation1,000,000+ Paris 500,000+ Marseille Lyon 200,000+ Toulouse Nice Nantes Montpellier Strasbourg Bordeaux Lille Rennes 100,000+ Reims Toulon Saint-Étienne LeHavre Grenoble Dijon Angers Saint-Denis,Réunion Villeurbanne Nîmes Clermont-Ferrand Aix-en-Provence LeMans Brest Tours Amiens Limoges Annecy Boulogne-Billancourt Perpignan Metz Besançon Orléans Saint-Denis,Seine-Saint-Denis Rouen Montreuil Argenteuil Mulhouse Caen Nancy Saint-Paul Completelist Portals: France EU Geography AuthoritycontrolGeneral ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat Nationallibraries France(data) Germany Israel UnitedStates CzechRepublic Other MusicBrainzarea NationalArchives(US) SUDOC(France) 1 Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nice&oldid=1096860341" Categories:NiceCommunesofAlpes-MaritimesPrefecturesinFranceWorldHeritageSitesinFranceMassaliancoloniesCitiesinFranceHiddencategories:PagesusingtheGraphextensionWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksWikipediaarticlesincorporatingacitationfromthe1911EncyclopaediaBritannicawithWikisourcereferenceWikipediaarticlesincorporatingtextfromthe1911EncyclopædiaBritannicaCS1French-languagesources(fr)CS1Italian-languagesources(it)ArticleswithFrench-languagesources(fr)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataUsedmydatesfromMarch2017ArticlescontainingOccitan(post1500)-languagetextPagesusingmultipleimagewithautoscaledimagesPagesusinginfoboxsettlementwithpossiblemottolistInfoboxmapframewithoutOSMrelationIDonWikidataCoordinatesonWikidataPagesusinginfoboxsettlementwithpossibledemonymlistPagesusinginfoboxsettlementwithimagemap1butnotimagemapArticlescontainingItalian-languagetextArticlescontainingAncientGreek(to1453)-languagetextArticlescontainingLatin-languagetextArticlescontainingFrench-languagetextAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromNovember2020ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromNovember2017ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromOctober2017ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromJanuary2018ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromJuly2016AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromJanuary2018ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromNovember2017ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromMay2019ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromJanuary2020Articlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom2018AllarticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromFebruary2018ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromOctober2019ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromFebruary2015Articlesincorporatingacitationfromthe1913CatholicEncyclopediawithWikisourcereferencePagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithhiddenwikidataPagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithdefaultsearchArticleswithCurlielinksArticleswithISNIidentifiersArticleswithVIAFidentifiersArticleswithWORLDCATIDidentifiersArticleswithBNFidentifiersArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithJ9UidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithNKCidentifiersArticleswithMusicBrainzareaidentifiersArticleswithNARAidentifiersArticleswithSUDOCidentifiersPagesusingtheKartographerextension Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikivoyage Languages AfrikaansAlemannischአማርኛالعربيةAragonésԱրեւմտահայերէնArpetanAsturianuAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهBamanankanবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБашҡортсаБеларускаяБеларуская(тарашкевіца)БългарскиBoarischBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаCebuanoČeštinaCorsuCymraegDanskDavvisámegiellaDeutschEestiΕλληνικάEmiliànerumagnòlEspañolEsperantoEstremeñuEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFryskGaeilgeGàidhligGalego客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî한국어HausaՀայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiIdoBahasaIndonesiaInterlinguaInterlingueИронÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaქართულიҚазақшаKiswahiliКомиKongoКыргызчаLadinLadinoLatinaLatviešuLëtzebuergeschLietuviųLigureLimburgsLingálaLombardMagyarМакедонскиMalagasyमराठीმარგალურიمصرىمازِرونیBahasaMelayuМонголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlands日本語NapulitanoНохчийнNorskbokmålNorsknynorskNouormandOccitanOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیPiemontèisPolskiΠοντιακάPortuguêsQırımtatarcaRomânăRunaSimiРусскийSarduScotsSeelterskShqipSicilianuSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaŚlůnskiСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்TaqbaylitТатарча/tatarçaతెలుగుไทยTürkçeTwiᨅᨔᨕᨘᨁᨗУкраїнськаاردوئۇيغۇرچە/UyghurcheVènetoVepsänkel’TiếngViệtVolapükWinaray吴语ייִדיש粵語ZazakiZeêuws中文 Editlinks