Bird Migration Patterns Are Changing—and Climate Change ...
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Each year birds begin their migration from nesting grounds to overwintering areas as abundant sources of food begin to dwindle. Pictured:Richard'spipits(Anthusrichardi)aremigratingonaneasttowestaxisinsteadofheadingsouthtowardswarmerlatitudes. JJHarrisonviaWikimediaCommonsunderCCBY3.0 Eachyearbirdsbegintheirmigrationfromnestinggroundstooverwinteringareas asabundantsourcesoffoodbegintodwindle.Aswinterapproachesandinsectsandotherresourcesdrop,birdsintheNorthernHemispherewillmovesouth.However,tworecentstudieshaveshownthatashiftingclimatemayalterbirdmigrationpatterns. OnestudypublishedonOctober22in CurrentBiology foundthat Richard'spipits (Anthusrichardi)aremigratingonaneasttowestaxisinsteadofheadingsouthtowardswarmerlatitudes,reportsJakeBuehlerfor ScienceNews.ThebirdusuallybreedsinSiberiaandoverwintersinSouthernAsia.Althoug,thebirdhasbecomeacommonsightinsouthernEuropeinrecentyears,sightingweresporadicinthe1980sand'90s. ResearchersobservingRichard'spipitssuspectthatawarmingclimatemayhavearoleinestablishingnewmigratoryroutes. Aseparatestudypublishedin GlobalChangeBiology onOctober25analyzed 50yearsofbirdsightingdata.Researchersfound someTrans-SaharanmigratorybirdsspendlesstimeintheirwinterretreatsinAfricaandmoretimeintheirbreedinggroundsinEurope,reportsMarkWaghornfor StudyFinds.Ifthismigrationpatterncontinues,birdsmaynolongerneedoverwinterinAfricaatalliftheycanfindfoodandhabitat inEuropeyear-round.Thisshiftmayleadtoincreasedcompetitionforresourcesbetweenmigratorybirdsandresidentbirds thatneverleavetheirhomes,a statement explains. "Thechangesinmigratoryhabitswearealreadyseeingcouldleadtolongerbreedingseasonsforthesespecies,aswellasknock-oneffectsonotherspecies,bothhereintheUKandinthetraditionalwintermigrationdestinations,"saysstudyfirstauthorKieranLawrence,agraduatestudentatDurhamUniversity,inastatement. Richard'sPipits Totrackthepipitsandfindoutwhytheymaybemovingwestinsteadofsouth,researcherstaggedsevenpipitsinFranceduringthewinterof2019to2020.Thefollowingwinter,theteamrecapturedthree ofthesevenbirdsandanalyzedtheirroutes.ThedatashowedthatthethreebirdshadflownbacktosouthwesternSiberiaforthesummerbeforereturningtoFrance, ScienceNews reports. Theteamalsolookedatphotographsof331pipitsinEuropeandNorthAfricafromcitizen-sciencedatabases.Thegroupagedeachbirdbytheirappearanceandfoundthatvagrant,orbirdsthatflyoutsideoftheirrange,werealwaysadolescents,per ScienceNews.Butthebirdsmigratingwestwerealladults,andclimatechangemayhavereroutedthepipit'smigrationpatterns.UsingacomputermodelcomparingweatherpatternsinEuropebetween1961to1990and1990to2018,researchersfoundthatpartsofsouthernEuropearenowmoresuitablewinteringlocationsforbirdsthaninthepast.Anotherfactorcontributingtothebirds'changeinrouteistheurbanizationofsouthernAsiansitesthebirdspreviouslymigratedto.However,theteamstillneedstoinvestigatethisfurtherbeforeconfirming. BesidesRichard'spipit,otherbirdslikethe yellow-browedwarbler (Phylloscopusinornatus)and Siberianchiffchaff (Phylloscopuscollybitatristis)havealsobeenspottedmigratingwesttoEurope,which suggeststhatsomemigratorybirdsmaybeabletoadapttochangesinclimate,per ScienceNews,butitiscrucialtonotethatnotallbirdspeciescanadapt. Europeanmigratorybirds,likethewillowwarbler,gardenwarbler(pictured),andthenightingale,werearrivingattheiroverwinteringspotsinAfricalaterinthefall. RonKnightviaWikicommonsunderCCBY2.0 Trans-SaharanMigratoryBirds Datafromover50yearsfrombirdsightingretreatsinAfrica andSpain'sSouthCoast revealedthatbetween1964and2019,Europeanmigratorybirds—likethewillowwarbler,gardenwarbler,andthenightingale—werearrivingattheiroverwinteringspotsinAfricalaterinthefall.Comespring,thebirdslefttheregionearlierthanbeforeaswell,reportsPatrickBarkhamforthe Guardian.ThefindsuggeststhatbirdsarestayinglongerintheirsummerdestinationsinsteadofmigratingtoAfricaformoreresourcesandwarmerclimatesbecausemorevegetationisavailableforlongerattheirsummerlocales. Manybirdsarecurrentlyfacingdeclinesintheirpopulations andavoidingthechallengingjourneytootherplacesmayhelpsomeofthespeciessurvive,the Guardian reports.Theteamisplanningonsimulatingthenewmigrationpatternstounderstandhowmigrationpatternsmaychangeovertime. ElizabethGamillo | |READMORE ElizabethGamilloisadailycorrespondentfor SmithsonianandasciencejournalistbasedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin.ShehaswrittenforSciencemagazineastheir2018AAASDiverseVoicesinScienceJournalismIntern. Birds ClimateChange Migration RecommendedVideos PostaComment MostPopular HowSharkAntibodiesCouldAidtheFightAgainstCoronavirusandPrepareforFutureOutbreaks ATimeCapsuleFoundBeneathRichmond’sRobertE.LeeMonumentConfoundsHistorians SeeLouisWain'sExuberantCatArtattheHospitalWhereHeSpentHisLaterYears ThisAncient,Nine-Foot-Long,100-PoundMillipedeCouldBetheLargestInvertebratetoEverLive HolyMola!WatchThisColossalOceanSunfishSwimWithPaddleBoardersOfftheCaliforniaCoast
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