articulation disorder中文What do you think are the causes of articulation problemsArticulation impairment examplesSpeech disorderphonological disorder中文Voice disorderspeech sound disorder中文Communication disorderPhonology disorderSpeech Sound Disorders - ASHA
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Most children can say almost all speech sounds correctly by 4 years old. A child who does not say sounds by the expected ages may have a speech sound disorder. COVID-19UPDATES:Findnewsandresourcesforaudiologists,speech-languagepathologists,andthepublic.LatestUpdates|TelepracticeResources|EmailUs ASHA / Public/ Speech/ Disorders/ SpeechSoundDisorders Childrencanhavetroublesayingsoundsclearly.Itmaybehardtounderstandwhattheysay.Speech-languagepathologists,orSLPs,canhelp.VisitASHAProFind tolocateaprofessionalinyourarea. Onthispage: AboutSpeechSoundDisorders SignsandSymptoms Causes SeeingaProfessional OtherResources AboutSpeechSoundDisorders Childrenmaysaysomesoundsthewrongwayastheylearntotalk.Theylearnsomesoundsearlier,likep,m,orw.Othersoundstakelongertolearn,likez,v,orth.Mostchildrencansayalmostallspeechsoundscorrectlyby4yearsold.Achildwhodoesnotsaysoundsbytheexpectedagesmayhaveaspeechsounddisorder.Youmayheartheterms"articulationdisorder"and"phonologicaldisorder"todescribespeechsounddisorderslikethis. Tolearnmoreaboutwhatyoushouldexpectyourchildtobeabletosay,seethesetworesources: HowDoesYourChildHearandTalk? YourChild'sCommunicationDevelopment:KindergartenThroughFifthGrade Adultscanalsohavespeechsounddisorders.Someadultshaveproblemsthatstartedwhentheywerechildren.Othersmayhavespeechproblemsafterastrokeortraumaticbraininjury.Tolearnmoreaboutadultspeechdisordersafterastrokeortraumaticbraininjury,seeapraxiaofspeechinadultsanddysarthria. SignsandSymptoms Yourchildmaysubstituteonesoundforanother,leavesoundsout,addsounds,orchangeasound.Itcanbehardforotherstounderstandhim. Itisnormalforyoungchildrentosaythewrongsoundssometimes.Forexample,yourchildmaymakea"w"soundforan"r"andsay"wabbit"for"rabbit."Shemayleavesoundsoutofwords,suchas"nana"for"banana."Thisisokaywhensheisyoung.Itmaybeaproblemifshekeepsmakingthesemistakesasshegetsolder. Youandyourchildmayalsosounddifferentbecauseyouhaveanaccentordialect. Thisisnotaspeechsounddisorder. ThechartbelowshowstheageswhenmostEnglish-speakingchildrendevelopsounds.Childrenlearningmorethanonelanguagemaydevelopsomesoundsearlierorlater. By3months Makescooingsounds By5months Laughsandmakesplayfulsounds By6months Makesspeech-likebabblingsoundslikepuh,ba,mi,da By1year Babbleslongerstringsofsoundslikemimi,upup,bababa By3years Saysm,n,h,w,p,b,t,d,k,g,andfinwords Familiarpeopleunderstandthechild'sspeech By4years Saysyandvinwords Maystillmakemistakesonthes,sh,ch,j,ng,th,z,l,andrsounds Mostpeopleunderstandthechild’sspeech Causes Manychildrenlearntosayspeechsoundsovertime,butsomedonot.Youmaynotknowwhyyourchildhasproblemsspeaking. Somechildrenhavespeechproblemsbecausethebrainhastroublesendingmessagestothespeechmusclestellingthemhowandwhentomove.Thisiscalledapraxia.Childhoodapraxiaofspeechisnotcommonbutwillcausespeechproblems. Somechildrenhavespeechproblemsbecausethemusclesneededtomakespeechsoundsareweak.Thisiscalleddysarthria. Yourchildmayhavespeechproblemsifhehas adevelopmentaldisorder,likeautism; ageneticsyndrome,likeDownsyndrome; hearingloss,fromearinfectionsorothercauses;or braindamage,likecerebralpalsyoraheadinjury. Adultscanalsohavespeechsounddisorders.Someadultshaveproblemsthatstartedwhentheywerechildren.Othersmaydevelopspeechproblemsafterastrokeortraumaticbraininjury,orothertrauma.Tolearnmoreaboutadultspeechdisorders,seeapraxiaofspeechinadults,dysarthria,laryngealcancer,andoralcancer. SeeingaProfessional TestingforSpeechSoundDisorders Aspeech-languagepathologist,orSLP,cantestyourchild'sspeech.TheSLPwilllistentoyourchildtohearhowhesayssounds.TheSLPalsowilllookathowyourchildmoveshislips,jaw,andtongue.TheSLPmayalsotestyourchild’slanguageskills.Manychildrenwithspeechsounddisordersalsohavelanguagedisorders.Forexample,yourchildmayhavetroublefollowingdirectionsortellingstories. Itisimportanttohaveyourchild’shearingcheckedtomakesurehedoesnothaveahearingloss.Achildwithahearinglossmayhavemoretroublelearningtotalk. TheSLPcanalsohelpdecideifyouhaveaspeechproblemorspeakwithanaccent.Anaccentistheuniquewaythatgroupsofpeoplesound.AccentsareNOTaspeechorlanguagedisorder. TreatmentforSpeechSoundDisorders SLPscanhelpyouoryourchildsaysoundscorrectlyandclearly.Treatmentmayincludethefollowing: Learningthecorrectwaytomakesounds Learningtotellwhensoundsarerightorwrong Practicingsoundsindifferentwords Practicingsoundsinlongersentences SeeASHAinformationforprofessionalsonthePracticePortal’sSpeechSoundDisorderspage. OtherResources IdentifytheSigns TypicalSpeechandLanguageDevelopment FindaProfessional InThisSection Hearing&Balance Speech,Language&Swallowing AboutHealthInsurance AddingSpeech&HearingBenefits Advocacy&Outreach FindaProfessional AdvertisingDisclaimer Advertisewithus ASHACorporatePartners BecomeACorporatePartner Policies SiteHelp|A–ZTopicIndex|PrivacyStatement|TermsofUse ©1997-AmericanSpeech-Language-HearingAssociation
