Social Reality | Philosophy Talk

I define social reality as one's "Extended Face Group." That is people one interacts with on a personal basis or that one might reasonable expect, under the ... 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SearchformSearchSocialReality‹PreviousNext›KennethTaylor29July2010Our topicthisweekissocialrealities. ImustadmitthatwhenIfirstbroughtthenatureofsocialrealityupasatopicforanepisodeofPhilosophyTalk,thenon-philosophersonourteamallwent “huh?”  Thatphraseobviouslydoesn’tmeanmuchtothepersononthestreet. But socialrealitiesareallaroundus. Thinkofcocktailparties,footballgames,barmitzvahs,politicalrallies,andevennations. Theseareallsocialrealities.  Andinconnectionwiththissortofthingbothpartsofthatphrase“socialreality”areworthfocusingon.AllthethingsIjustmentionedarethingsthatreallyandtrulyexist. Theyaren’tfigmentsofanyone’simagination;they’rereal. Reallyreal. Objectivelyreal.  Butatthesametime,they'reallmadeupentities,atleastinasense.  Cocktailpartiesexistonlybecauseagroupofpeoplegettogetherandsay“we'rehavingapartynow.” Peoplejustsortofdecidethatthesethingsaregoingtoexist. Andsotheydoexist. Seemskindoflikemagic.Itisn’treallymagic, butitispuzzling. Atbottom,socialrealitiesarejustcreationsofthehumanmind. Notindividualhumanminds,butcollectionsofhumanminds.  Youcan’tallbyyourlittlelonesomecreateasocialreality. Tryitandyoureallywillendupwithsomethingthat’sjustafigmentofyourownimagination. Butputabunchofpeopletogether,letthemexercisetheirimaginationstogether; letthemagree;andpresto, you’vegotanewsocialreality. Whatcould,Isuppose,makethatsoundalittlelikemagicstillisthefactthatittakesatleasttwomindstomakeasocialreality.Ifonemindcan’tdoit,whyaretwoormoremindsanybetter,youmightask. Welltheansweristhatsocialrealitiesare,bytheirverynatures, foundedonagreement.  Ifabunchofhumansagreetocreateaclub,thenthereisaclub. Ifabunchofhumansagreetoformanation,thenthereexistsanation. Andalthoughclubsandnationsarenothingbutproductsofhumanagreement,they'renotfigmentsofourimagination. Tobesuretheyareproductsofourimaginations,butthey’rerealproducts,notmerefigments. Onceweagreethattheyexist,theyare asobjectivelyrealasrocksandmountains.Notonlyarethingslikeclubsandnationsreal,theyare reallyimportant. Theyhaveahugeimpactonourlives.  We’reimmersedinauniverseofeverchangingsocialrealities. Andtheyplayanimmenserolebothindetermininghowweliveandhowwellwelive.  Ourearliestforbearsforagedonthesavannahandhuddledincaves.Civilizationshaverisenandfallenandwiththem,waysoflifehavecomeandgone. Throughoutthesemassivechangesinthesocialworld,thebiologicalandphysicalworldshavechangedtoo--butnotasradically,andmostlyinwaysthataremoreorlessdirectconsequencesofchangesinthehumansocialworld. Sothesocialworldaffectsnotonlythewayhumansrelatetooneanother,butalsohowweinteractwiththerestofthebiologicalandphysicalworld.  Science,forexample,isreallyacomplexsocialundertakingbywhichhumanscollectivelyseektounderstandthephysical,biological,andeventhesocialworlditself.Nowscientificunderstandingofthesocialworldsoundslikeagoodthing. Butitalsosoundsabitlikesociologyoranthropologyormaybesocialpsychology. We’rephilosophers. Whyshouldwephilosophersworryaboutthesocialworld?Wellforonething,wewanttounderstandjusthowthesocialworldarisesoutthenaturalworld. Butwaitaminute,you’reabouttointerject.Youstartedoutbysayingthatsocialrealitiesareacreationofthehumanmind. Doesn’tthatsuggestthatthesocialworlddoesn’tariseoutofthenaturalworldatall?  Inonesenseyes;inonesenseno.  Thesenseinwhichthesocialworldisnotpartof unaidednatureisobvious. Thesocialworlddependsentirelyonushumansandnotontheblindandimpersonalforcesofnature. Butultimatelyhumanbeingsarejustpartsofthenaturalworld. Sothepowerofthehumanmindtocreatesocialrealitiesmusthaveitsrootsinhumanpsychology,whichmustultimatelyhaveitsrootsinhumanbiology,whichmustultimatelyhaveitsrootsinphysics. Thismaysoundalittlereductionist. Afterall,I startedouttalkingaboutthepowerofthehumanmindtocreate,almostoutofnothing,allvarietiesofnewsocialrealities. AndnowIseemtobesuggestingthatitallcomesdowntothechemicalprocessesofthebrain.  It’sdefinitelygottocomefromsomewhere.  It’snotjustmagic. Andbesides,evenanimalshavesomelimitedpowertocreatesocialrealities. Itwouldcertainlybegoodtounderstandjustwhatequipsthehumanmindtobuildsocialrealitiesofsuchawidevarietyandjusthowthosehumancapacitiesevolvedfromlowerlevelcapacitiesofsocialanimals,There’sobviouslyalottothinkabouthere. Fortunatelyforuswehadanexcellentguestforthisepisode--Berkeley’sownJohnSearle,authorofMakingtheSocialWorld. IshouldsaythatthisprogramwasrecordedinfrontofliveaudienceattheMarshTheater–thistimeinBerkeley,California. Asaconsequence,youwon’tbeabletojointheconversationonair.  Butyoucanjoinithere.  SUBSCRIBENOWFORUNLIMITEDLISTENINGSocialRealityRelatedShowsSocialRealityAug01,2010Fewthingsaffectourlivesasmuchasthefactthatwearecitizensofonecountryratherthananother.TheMindandtheWorldJun07,2009Whatkindsofcontactcanthemindhavewiththeworld? Canweknowhowtheworldisinitself,orcanweonlyknowshadowsoftheworldinourownminds?TheExtendedMindApr17,2011Anincreasingnumberofpsychologistsandphilosophersbelievethattounderstandhowthemindreallyworks,wemustunderstanditasbothembeddedinabodyandassituatedinanenvironment.LanguageinActionAug22,2006Howdo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eeWill?TheEthicsofWhistleblowingJuneHeideggerScienceandPolitics:FriendsorFoes?ShouldtheethicsofPresidentialcandidatesmatter?TheParadoxesofIdeologyWhyPropagandaMattersMayHowDoWeGetFromNoisetoMeaning?UnconditionalLoveAprilReincarnationWhenDemocraciesTortureTheBonethatChangedChinaAnewmulti-levelhierarchyofethicsandmoralityTheNatureofWildernessMarchTheMcDonalds-ificationofEducationIfGodIsDead,WhyIsn'tEverythingPermitted?Mental“Disorder”:DoYouMisstheMountains?DemocracyinCrisisWatchWhereYouPointThatThingReviewofIrisMurdoch'sTheNiceandtheGoodForbiddenWordsEthicalRelativismPhilosophyMeetsLiteracyThroughPositiveCoachingDisordersoftheMind-ThePhilosophyofPsychiatryObituaryforStanfordProfessorEmeritusDavidS.NivisonTheMoreGoodtheBetter?WhyPhilosophize?CanStudyingPhilosophyMakeYouaBetterPerson?FebruaryCamusandAbsurdityTheEvolutionofStorytellingPoliticalActivismintheDigitalAgeThePsychologyofClimateChangeDenialRegulatingBodiesFoodJusticeJanuaryCouldRacebeinYourGenes?IsAnarchyPossible?CategorizingHumansIsThereLife(orAnything)AfterDeath?WhyBeMoral?2014DecemberTheSexTradeViolatingtheHumanityofOthersGutFeelingsImmortality:HumeandBoswellNovemberHypocrisyTheMoralCostsofClimateChangeTransformativeExperiencesIdentitiesLostandFoundinaGlobalAgeThePhilosophyofHumor(AndtheHumorofPhilosophy)IntuitionsAreaGuideto…LookHere!TheFairnessFixationOctoberPhilosophyasTherapyFreedom,Blame,andResentmentCorporationsandtheFutureofDemocracySeptemberTheologicalCorrectnessPartII:AnAnswerSecond-GuessingOurselvesMachiavelliBabiesandtheBirthofMoralityNeuroscienceandtheLawAugustIsIntuitionaGuidetoTruth?DoesLanguageAffectThought?WhatMightHaveBeen!RemixingReality:ArtandLiteratureforthe21stCenturyTheRaceDelusionJulyTheologicalCorrectnessPartI:TheQuestionPrivacyandTheNewSurveillanceSocietyTaintedbytheSinsofOurFathers?JuneAnatomyofaTerrorist'Human'isanhonorifictitle(video)Gods,Psychology,andOccam’sRazorMayTheProblemofOtherMindsBeingHumanisLikeBeingHereTheRealityofTimeTheMetaphysicsofColorAprilRiskandRationalityIsBeingHumanMoreLikeBeingaWeedthanLikeBeingWater?What'sonyoursummerreadinglistfor2014?ConspiracyTheoriesMarchWeaponsofMassDestructionActingTogetherScienceandGenderFebruaryInspirationforEvilTheLegacyofFreudJanuaryMemoryandtheSelfMoralLuck2013DecemberWelcometoPhilosophyTalk'sCommunityofThinkersAnAnti-DeterministArgumentConfessionsofaConflictedCarnivoreTheEthicsofSodaTennisasaWayofKnowingWhyScienceWillNeverReplacetheHumanitiesDoNaturalLawsProveThatGodExists?ANewWrinkleonanOldProblemOctoberTheDarkSideofScienceSeptemberLatin-AmericanPhilosophyDiogenestheCynicJuneRichardFletcher,HistorianMyDiscoveryoftheX-FilesScience,Philosophy,andTheologyMayTheGeorgeW.BushPresidentialLibraryandMuseumAprilTeachingPhilosophy'AnybodyNeedaKidney?'or'WhatAretheMoralLimitsofMarkets?'Whatisphilosophy?MarchThePsychologyofPartisanPoliticsFebruaryTheSelfJanuaryTheLinguisticsofNameCalling2012DecemberTurbo-chargingtheMindNovemberHowFictionShapesUsEconomics:CultorScience?AprilWhatIs(ThisThingCalled)Love?WhatAreLeadersMadeof?MindReadingMarchPoetryAsaWayofKnowingEpicurusandtheGoodLifeFebruaryPantheismOnBeingNormalThe2012DionysusAwardsBlackSolidarityJanuaryTheRighttoPrivacyPhilosophyinFictionIsDemocracyaUniversalValue?TheExaminedYear:20112011DecemberNihilismandMeaningWhatwouldJesusdo?What’stobedone?ABlogforChristmasIsitwrongtowrecktheearth?ToForgiveandForgetNovemberTheMilitary:WhatisitGoodfor?KierkegaardIsNothingSacredAnymore?MiraclesOctoberThinkingInsidetheBoxCooperationandConflictFromtheMindsofBabiesSeptemberMoralityandtheSelfWisdomWar,Sacrifice,andtheMediaDeconstructingtheCollegeAdmissionsRatRaceAugustSchizophreniaandthemindHealthCare–isitarightoraprivilegeTime,Space,andQuantumMechanicsTheStateofPublicPhilosophyJulyPhilosophyandEverydayLifeWhatAreWordsWorth?AtheismandtheWell-LivedLifeLincolnasaPhilosopherJuneTheLanguageofResponsibilityGayPrideandPrejudiceMaySummerReading2011ThePrisonSystemBeliefsGoneWildCities,Gentrification,andInequalityAprilShouldMarriageBeAbolished?TheExtendedMindWhatisanadult?SocialNetworkingMarchIsitAllJustRelative?FreeWillFebruaryJohnLockeAdialogueonBiracialIdentityLights!Camera!Think!TooMuchInformation?JanuaryProcrastinationDifferentCultures,DifferentSelvesDerridaandDeconstructionAbortionTheMoralCostsofMarkets2010DecemberThePhilosophyofHistoryNominationsopenfortheThirdAnnualDionysusAwards!ChildrenasPhilosophersThePowerofThoughtDisagreementNovemberReading,Narrative,andtheSelfCivilDisobedienceLevelsofRealityTheIdeaofaUniversityOctoberCommentsWillbeModerated,beginningimmediately.TheOccultPhilosophyBargainingwiththedevilPhilosophyTalkLiveatTheMarshSFthisSundayDigitalSelvesSeptemberTheterrorofdeath,andhowtoovercomeitGandhiasPhilosopherPhilosophyfortheYoung:CorruptingorEmpowering?WhySelf-DeceptionResearchHasn’tMadeMuchProgressAugustSelfDeceptionHumanismBodiesforSaleWilliamJamesWilliamJamesandtheSquirrelExampleJulySocialRealityTheIrrationalityofHumanDecisionMakingLoyaltyRawlsonJusticeDemocracyandthePressJuneWhatareHumanRights?CorporationsasPersonsPsychologicalvs.Biologic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/forces.gzLoginorregistertopostcommentsGuestMonday,August9,2010--5:00PMThefactthatsocialrealitiesaretheresultofhThefactthatsocialrealitiesaretheresultofhumanactionsdoesnotdetractfromtheirreality.Alsoagunshot(orthecoordinatedsetofgunshotsfiredbyafiringsquad)arisefrompeople'sactions,anditsconsequencesareasrealasanyothereventcapacleofcausingmortalwounds,beit"social"or"natural".ManispartofNature,anditsactionsareas'natural'(andwithnaturalconsequences)astheactionsoftigers,squirrelsorinanimateobjects.Besides,somesocialrealitiesaretheresultofdeliberateactionssuchasacocktailparty,whileothersevolveastheanonymousoutcomeofcountlesshumanbeingsovermanygenerations(e.g.capitalism).Theinfluenceofindividualsoversuchrealitiesvariesaccordingly.Human-createdrealities,eitherconsistingofmaterialthings(liketheMonaLisa),ideas(likethetheoryofrelativity),orsocialarrangements(likeascocktailparty),takeonalifeofthemselvesoncecreatedbyhumans,andbehavelike'things'.Abulletkillsascertainlyasanearthquake.SeparationofManandNatureisjustasartificial(andlackinggroundsinscience)asseparationofBodyandSoul.Theexistenceofacocktailpartywouldcertainlydependontheactionsoftheparticipants,butnotontheviewsandactionsofotherpeople:ifIlearnofarecentcocktailpartyhavingtakenplacetheotherweekinSingapore,mypossibleactionsoropinionsinNewYorkorBuenosAiresareirrelevanttothatevent,justasmyactionsoropinionsontherecentPakistanfloodsareunabletochangeit(thoughImaystillactonitsconsequences).Humanactions,onceperformed,becomeobjectivethings,somethingalreadynotedbyHegel(hisdinglichkeitconcept)andfurtherdevelopedbyMarx.Eventhe(otherwisesilly)Da-seinconceptofexistentialistscomestomind:existence(=reality)issomethingthat"isthere",whateveritsorigin,humanorotherwise.Allinall,thearticlehasnopointaltogether,inmyhumbleopinion.LoginorregistertopostcommentsGuestWednesday,August18,2010--5:00PMIdefinesocialrealityasone's"ExtendedFaceGrIdefinesocialrealityasone's"ExtendedFaceGroup."Thatispeopleoneinteractswithonapersonalbasisorthatonemightreasonableexpect,undertherightcircumstances,tointeractwithpersonally.Theyarethepeoplewemeetatthecocktailparty,atthealumnimeeting,atchurch,politicalrallies,sportingevents,etc.Wemayknowonlyafewpeople,butwecanbeassuredthatanyonewemeetwillbeapotentialactualfacegroupmember.Theyallwillhavesimilarvalues,mores,rightdowntodetailsofmanners.Theimportanceofthisextendedfacegroupisthatitconstrainsalmostallofonesactionsanddeterminesthemoralstandardsthatonelivesby.Onemaybeamemberofseveralextendedfacegroups,butgenerallytheywillbequitesimilar.Thealumniassociationwillprobablystronglyinfluencewhichpoliticalralliesonegoesto,whereoneworksandwhichcocktailpartiesoneisinvitedtoorwhooneinvitestoone'sparty.Eachextendedfacegroupstartswithfamily,friends,professionalassociates,andsocialassociates,butpeoplethatarepossibleattendeesatthatcocktailparty,alumniassociationmeeting,churchsocial,orconvention,nomatterhowfarremoved:presidents,departmentheads,archbishops,etc.areaffectedbyandaffectthemoresofthegroup.LoginorregistertopostcommentsGuestThursday,August26,2010--5:00PMThisisquiteaninterestingtopic.ThoughIdon'tThisisquiteaninterestingtopic.ThoughIdon'treallyfollowyouonhowittakesmultiplepeopletocomeupwithasocialreality.ThoughIdon'thaveanyproof,Ifeelthatonepersonisabletocomeupwithasocialreality.LoginorregistertopostcommentsGuestFriday,October1,2010--5:00PMIsupposethatwemaycallallofthesethingssocIsupposethatwemaycallallofthesethingssocialrealities,asMr.Nortonhasdone.Theycertainlyareevidenceofoursocialnatureanddesiretofitin,prosperandpropagateourgenes.Iconsiderthemasfallingunderanolderheading:ritual.But,ofcourse,evenstandingritualschangeintoextendedforms.Ourviewsregardingsocialactivitiesareevidenceofthat.Themodernphenomenonofcyberneticsocialnetworkingillustratesthisaptly,Ithink.Onceuponatimewewereadmonishednottotalktostrangers.Now,ifwedonotchoosetoparticipateinglobalfriendships,weareviewedasarchaic---secretive---anti-social.Whatadifferencepopularculturemakes?Andadmen;marketeers;commerceandthelike?LoginorregistertopostcommentsGuestSunday,October3,2010--5:00PMApology:IamsorryIgotthenamewrong---onlynoApology:IamsorryIgotthenamewrong---onlynoticedittoday,Mr.Taylor.PDVLoginorregistertopostcommentsLoginorregistertopostcommentsUsernameoremail*Password*CreatenewaccountRequestnewpasswordSUBSCRIBENOWFORUNLIMITEDLISTENING SocialReality RelatedShowsSocialRealityAug01,2010Fewthingsaffectourlivesasmuchasthefactthatwearecitizensofonecountryratherthananother.TheMindandtheWorldJun07,2009Whatkindsofcontactcanthemindhavewiththeworld? Canweknowhowtheworldisinitself,orcanweonlyknowshadowsoftheworldinourownminds?TheExtendedMindApr17,2011Anincreasingnumberofpsychologistsandphilosophersbelievethattounderstandhowthemindreallyworks,wemustunderstanditasbothembeddedinabodyandassituatedinanenvironment.LanguageinActionAug22,2006Howdowecommunicateideaswithlanguage?Wheredoestheliteralmeaningofawordendandthesubtleconnotationbegin? BlogArchive2022SeptemberClimateasaCollectiveActionProblemCulture,AppropriatedAugustDoingGood,EffectivelyPoliticalvs.EconomicInequalityJulyHumans,theOptimisticAnimal?JuneAntisemitism,ThenandNowMayMemoir,Truth,andSelfIdeologyandBeliefAprilKant'sGuidetoMoralityTheStayingPowerofPoetryMarchMourningaLostCultureTacklingSexualViolenceFebruaryTheValueofAngerWhoWantstoBeaStoic?JanuaryDigitalPersons?2021December2021:TheYearinSoundVirtualReality,RealFeelingsAge,Ageism,andEqualityNovemberSociallyIntelligentRobotsAQuestionofFregeOctoberPersons,Community,andtheAkanWhyIsMathSoUseful?AugustOnAwesomenessIsFacebookMorallyResponsible?MicroaggressionsandIntentionJulyTheSlowMiraclesofThoughtLiteraryMindsJuneSummerDylanReadingNondualityMayUnnecessaryNecessitiesThePhilosophyoftheViennaCircleCrackingDownonDisinformationAprilWhatMontaigneKnewIsMeritocracyPossible?(ASolution)MarchWhatMakesAMan?#FrancisOnFilm:JudasandtheBlackMessiahFebruaryReplacingFreud#FrancisOnFilm:TheMoleAgentJanuaryWhatTechSaysIsMeritocracyPossible?(Pt.I)TheMathematicsofDemocracyWhenDoFalseBeliefsExculpate?(Pt.II)GainingKnowledgewithoutLearning2020December2020:TheYearinPoetryAre“Human”EmbryosHuman?FindingMindsinaMaterialWorldWhenDoFalseBeliefsExculpate?(Pt.I)NovemberShouldtheArtsBeforAll?SayitEnough,They’llBelieveItWhoseFaultIsItAnyway?WhyWeArgueAboutFictionOctoberWhatWouldWeLoseIfWeHadNoArt?WhyGamesMatterReasonstoHateAbortionandHumanitySkepticismandTrustinScienceSeptemberPhilosophyfortheApocalypseWhoGetstobeaCitizen?WhyDoPeopleArgueaboutFiction?AugustDoesMeritocracyHaveMerit?AnotherReasonZoomIsSoDrainingKantonLyingtoRobots,PartIIDiscriminatingStreetsAbortionandDehumanizationJulyOnJerksandEthicistsACat'sLifeTheValueofMetaphorinaPandemicBenjaminandModernEnchantmentJuneTheEthicsofPetKeepingCelebratingOur500thEpisodeNaïveRacismCovidandtheVeilofIgnoranceYourRacistMentalHabitsDemonizingBlackMenMayListenerCovidundrumsPuzzle3:KantonLyingtoRobotsCanPhilosophyHelpinaCrisis?NarrativeBurnoutAPandemicofDreamsMoreMoneyMattersApril#FrancisOnFilm:CripCampMoneyMattersProustandSocialDistancePuzzle2:WhatisanIdentity?PhilosophyandtheSuperheroTryingtoLetGoofthePastThinkingandMentalActionMarchGameTheoryandCOVIDiocyPuzzle1:AreBeliefsVoluntary?ViralXenophobia#FrancisOnFilm:PortraitofaLadyonFireSorry,Critics:ParasiteisaGoodMovieFebruaryAnti-SacredSpacesIstheSelfReal?AmIinEverythingIImagine?WhatIsGoodPhilosophy?#FrancisOnFilm:DionysusforDocsJanuaryRoughHumorIstheSentenceBecomingPassé?WhatIsa“Vivid”MentalImage?ComedyontheEdgesWhattheFutureHolds2019DecemberKen’sUnfinishedProject2019:TheExaminedYearHowMuchThoughtIsInactive?Human,Subhuman,orBoth?ATributetoKenTaylorNovemberNonhumanPersons,NonhumanRights#Francis-on-Film:ParasiteSanctuaryCitiesWhyNotChangeYourCoreSelf?PartIIAPuzzleAboutSacredValuesPartIIHobbesandtheAbsoluteStateOctoberRealHorrorWhyNotChangeYourCoreSelf?MachineConsciousness#FrancisOnFilm:DowntonAbbeyShouldWeTrustPolls?TheAppealofAuthoritarianismMusicasaWayofKnowingSeptemberExplanationatItsBestWhat'sInaPicture?ChangingDeniers'MindsAgainstIntrospectionAugustAPuzzleAboutSacredValuesPartI#FrancisOnFilm:OnceUponaTime...HowDoDecisionsEverGetMade?ShouldWeAbandontheCanon?SelfKnowledgeonTrialTheDoomsdayDoctrineJulyASimpleTestforFakeNews#FrancisOnFilm:LastBlackManinSFPostmodernism:TheDeclineofTruthHowtoThinkTwoThoughtsatOnceJuneJSMillandtheGoodLifeDoesThinkingHelpStopFakeNews?Reader’sBlockandBadPhilosophyLettingGoofHumanNatureToleranceandRadicalDisagreement#FrancisOnFilm:IAmMotherALicentiousLannister?MayWorkingforFaithWhatIsReading?Anti-SemitismisRacism#FrancisOnFilm:Shazam!AprilPhilanthropyvs.DemocracyAuthorityandResistanceWantingtoWantforItsOwnSakeHackingOurSensePerceptionsSexyBeastsKen'sBigAnnouncementMarch#FrancisOnFilm:GreenBookYourQuestion:IntegrateorAssimilate?ControversyAboutClimateDenialImmigrationandMulticulturalismThere’sTaste...ThenThere’sTasteMindtheGaps!February#FrancisOnFilm:MindingtheGapFiveTypesofClimateChangeDeniersFindingYourselfinaVirtualFictionWhatDoWeOweFutureGenerations?#FrancisOnFilm:AquamanThePuzzleoftheUnconsciousJanuaryIsEnvyAlwaysaVice?#FrancisOnFilm:BrexitGettingClearontheReplicationCrisisHow(Not)toFallAsleepFreud'sPhilosophicalChallenges2018DecemberTheExaminedYear:2018–UncutOnMorallyCondemningthePastWhyShouldWeGiveForeignAid?SubwaySpreadingandPersonalSpace(PartII)PhilosophicalFreudFoucaultonPowerNovemberTheCreativeLifeDoesReputationMatter?SubwaySpreadingandPersonalSpace(PartI)Anti-Semitism101OctoberTheWrongAbortionQuestionHow#MeTooHelpsMenCanReasonSaveUs?They’reOnlyLobstersSeptemberThePhilosophyofWestworldDoTheyBelieveinGod?ThePsychologyofCrueltyPuzzleAboutConspiracyTheorists(PartII)LessonsfromLobstersAugustAthleticsandthePhilosophicalLifeShouldAlgorithmsDecide?APuzzleAboutConspiracyTheorists(PartI)FailingSuccessfully#FrancisOnFilm:MissionImpossibleJulyDoesScienceOver-reach?TheTrulyBeautifulGame[VIDEO]Philosophers'WorldCupRadicalIdeasaboutMarketsEnlightenmentPeddlersWhoIsa“Criminal”?TheEthicsofHomeschoolingJuneOnePerson,OneVote?#FrancisOnFilm:TheRachelDividePuppetPhilosophersWhyAmericaisnotaNationDistortioninPhilosophyPhilosophersandtheMeaningofLifeTh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