Cramming (education) - Wikipedia

In education, cramming (also known as mugging or swotting, from swot, akin to "sweat", meaning "to study with determination") is the practice of working ... Cramming(education) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Learningtechnique Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Cramming" education – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(February2015)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Ineducation,cramming(alsoknownasmuggingorswotting,from swot,akinto"sweat",meaning"tostudywithdetermination")isthepracticeofworkingintensivelytoabsorblargevolumesofinformationinshortamountsoftime.Itisoftendonebystudentsinpreparationforupcomingexams,especiallyjustbeforetheyaredue.Usuallythestudent'spriorityistoobtainshallowrecallsuitedtoasuperficialexaminationprotocol,ratherthantointernalizethedeepstructureofthesubjectmatter.Crammingisoftendiscouragedbyeducatorsbecausethehurriedcoverageofmaterialtendstoresultinpoorlong-termretentionofmaterial,aphenomenonoftenreferredtoasthespacingeffect.Despitethis,educatorsneverthelesswidelypersistintheuseofsuperficialexaminationprotocols,becausethesequestionsareeasiertocompose,quicker(andthereforecheaperfortheinstitution)tograde,andobjectiveontheirownterms.Whencramming,oneattemptstofocusonlyonstudiesandtoforgounnecessaryactionsorhabits. Incontrastwithcramming,activelearningandcriticalthinkingaretwomethodswhichemphasizetheretentionofmaterialthroughtheuseofclassdiscussions,studygroupsandindividualthinking.Eachhasbeencitedasamoreeffectivemeansoflearningandretaininginformationascomparedtocrammingandmemorization. Contents 1Prevalence 2Asastudytechnique 3Schoolperformance 4Seealso 5References 6Externallinks Prevalence[edit] InCommonwealthcountries,crammingusuallyoccursduringtherevisionweek(weekbeforeexams),alsoknownas"swotvac"or"stuvac". Asastudytechnique[edit] H.E.Gorststatedinhisbook,TheCurseofEducation,"aslongaseducationissynonymouswithcrammingonanorganizedplan,itwillcontinuetoproducemediocrity."[1] Generallyconsideredanundesirablestudytechnique,crammingisbecomingmoreandmorecommonamongstudentsbothatthesecondaryandpost-secondarylevel.Pressuretoperformwellintheclassroomandengageinextracurricularactivitiesinadditiontootherresponsibilitiesoftenresultsinthecrammingmethodofstudying.Crammingisawidelyusedstudyskillperformedinpreparationforanexaminationorotherperformance-basedassessment. Mostcommonamonghighschoolandcollege-agedstudents,crammingisoftenusedasameansofmemorizinglargeamountsofinformationinashortamountoftime.Studentsareoftenforcedtocramafterimpropertimeutilizationorineffortstounderstandinformationshortlybeforebeingtested.Impropertimemanagementisusuallythecauseforlast-minutecrammingsessions,andmanystudytechniqueshavebeendevelopedtohelpstudentssucceedinsteadofcramming.[2][3] Schoolperformance[edit] Teachingstudentstoavoidlast-minutecrammingisalargeareaofconcernforeducationprofessionalsandprofitforeducationalcorporationsandbusinesses.Learningandteachingstudytechniquesthatenhanceretentionasopposedtolearningforasingleexaminationisoneofthecoreissuesthatplaguescollegesanduniversityacademicadvisors,andalsoaddstothestressofacademicsuccessforstudents.Ideally,properstudyskillsneedtobeintroducedandpracticedasearlyaspossibleinorderforstudentstoeffectivelylearnpositivestudymechanisms. AccordingtoWilliamG.Sommer,studentsinauniversitysystemoftenadapttothetime-constraintsthatareplaceduponthemincollege,andoftenusecrammingtoperformwellontests.Inhisarticle,ProcrastinationandCramming:HowAdeptStudentsAcetheSystem,hestates"Manystudentsoutwardlyadapttothissystem,however,engageinanintenseandprivateritualthatcomprisesfiveaspects:calculatedprocrastination,preparatoryanxiety,climacticcramming,nick-of-timedeadline-making,andasecret,ifoftenuncelebrated,victory.Theseadeptstudentsoftenfinditdifficulttoadmitothersintotheirefficientprogramofacademicsurvival."[4] Seealso[edit] Activelearning Cram(gameshow) Cramschool Criticalthinking Rotelearning Spacedrepetition Studyskills References[edit] ^Gorst,H.E.TheCurseofEducation.London:GrantRichards,1901.(Page5). ^HowtoTakeonCollegeStudying:YourCrammingDaysareOverArchivedApril22,2009,attheWaybackMachine.CollegeBoard.Retrievedon15May2009. ^HowtoCram(EvenThoughYouShouldn't)Archived2007-02-21attheWaybackMachine.CockrellSchoolofEngineeringatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Retrievedon15May2009. Isalsousedtosaythatsomeonehashurtthemselves(Synonym) ^Sommer,W.G.(1990)."ProcrastinationandCramming:HowAdeptStudentsAcetheSystem".JournalofAmericanCollegeHealth.39(1):5–10.doi:10.1080/07448481.1990.9936207.PMID 2365930. Externallinks[edit] CrammingonwikiHow CrammingTechniquesonTestTakingTips.com Thedangersofcrammingforexams,PennStateUniversity CramMyBrainprovidesfreecrammingsoftwareandoffersforeignlanguagesupport(requiresAdobeFlash) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cramming_(education)&oldid=1040741529" Categories:LearningmethodsStudentcultureHiddencategories:WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksUseAmericanEnglishfromJanuary2019AllWikipediaarticleswritteninAmericanEnglishArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataUsemdydatesfromJanuary2019ArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromFebruary2015Allarticlesneedingadditionalreferences Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages العربيةFrançais한국어日本語 Editlinks