Maple (software) - Wikipedia

In 1988 Waterloo Maple Inc. (Maplesoft) was founded. The company's original goal was to manage the distribution of the software, but eventually it grew to have ... Maple(software) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch CCO Forotheruses,seeMaple(disambiguation). MapleMapleinterfaceDeveloper(s)WaterlooMaple(Maplesoft)Initialrelease1982Stablerelease2022(15 March2022;5daysago (2022-03-15))[±][1] WritteninC,Java,MaplePlatformWindows(7,8and10),macOS,LinuxAvailableinEnglish,Japanese,andlimitedsupportinadditionallanguages[2]TypeComputeralgebrasystem,NumericcomputationLicenseProprietarycommercialsoftwareWebsitewww.maplesoft.com/products/Maple/ Mapleisasymbolicandnumericcomputingenvironmentaswellasamulti-paradigmprogramminglanguage.Itcoversseveralareasoftechnicalcomputing,suchassymbolicmathematics,numericalanalysis,dataprocessing,visualization,andothers.Atoolbox,MapleSim,addsfunctionalityformultidomainphysicalmodelingandcodegeneration. Maple'scapacityforsymboliccomputingincludethoseofageneral-purposecomputeralgebrasystem.Forinstance,itcanmanipulatemathematicalexpressionsandfindsymbolicsolutionsto certainproblems,suchasthosearisingfromordinaryandpartialdifferentialequations. MapleisdevelopedcommerciallybytheCanadiansoftwarecompanyMaplesoft.Thename'Maple'isareferencetothesoftware'sCanadianheritage. Contents 1Overview 1.1Corefunctionality 1.2Architecture 2History 3Versionhistory 4Features 5ExamplesofMaplecode 5.1Integration 5.2Determinant 5.3Seriesexpansion 5.4Solveequationsnumerically 5.5Plottingoffunctionofsinglevariable 5.6Plottingoffunctionoftwovariables 5.7Animationoffunctions 5.8Laplacetransform 5.9Fouriertransform 5.10Integralequations 6UseoftheMapleengine 7Seealso 8References 9Externallinks Overview[edit] Corefunctionality[edit] Userscanentermathematicsintraditionalmathematicalnotation.Customuserinterfacescanalsobecreated.Thereissupportfornumericcomputations,toarbitraryprecision,aswellassymboliccomputationandvisualization.Examplesofsymboliccomputationsaregivenbelow. Mapleincorporatesadynamicallytypedimperative-styleprogramminglanguage(resemblingPascal),whichpermitsvariablesoflexicalscope.[3]Therearealsointerfacestootherlanguages(C,C#,Fortran,Java,MATLAB,andVisualBasic),aswellastoMicrosoftExcel. MaplesupportsMathML2.0,whichisaW3Cformatforrepresentingandinterpretingmathematicalexpressions,includingtheirdisplayinwebpages.[4]ThereisalsofunctionalityforconvertingexpressionsfromtraditionalmathematicalnotationtomarkupsuitableforthetypesettingsystemLaTeX. Architecture[edit] Mapleisbasedonasmallkernel,writteninC,whichprovidestheMaplelanguage.Mostfunctionalityisprovidedbylibraries,whichcomefromavarietyofsources.MostofthelibrariesarewrittenintheMaplelanguage;thesehaveviewablesourcecode.ManynumericalcomputationsareperformedbytheNAGNumericalLibraries,ATLASlibraries,orGMPlibraries. DifferentfunctionalityinMaplerequiresnumericaldataindifferentformats.Symbolicexpressionsarestoredinmemoryasdirectedacyclicgraphs.ThestandardinterfaceandcalculatorinterfacearewritteninJava. History[edit] ThefirstconceptofMaplearosefromameetinginlate1980attheUniversityofWaterloo.[5]ResearchersattheuniversitywishedtopurchaseacomputerpowerfulenoughtoruntheLisp-basedcomputeralgebrasystemMacsyma.Instead,theyoptedtodeveloptheirowncomputeralgebrasystem,namedMaple,thatwouldrunonlowercostcomputers.Aimingforportability,theybeganwritingMapleinprogramminglanguagesfromtheBCPLfamily(initiallyusingasubsetofBandC,andlaterononlyC).[5]Afirstlimitedversionappearedafterthreeweeks,andfullerversionsenteredmainstreamusebeginningin1982.[6]Bytheendof1983,over50universitieshadcopiesofMapleinstalledontheirmachines.[citationneeded] In1984,theresearchgrouparrangedwithWatcomProductsInctolicenseanddistributethefirstcommerciallyavailableversion,Maple3.3.[6]In1988WaterlooMapleInc.(Maplesoft)wasfounded.Thecompany’soriginalgoalwastomanagethedistributionofthesoftware,buteventuallyitgrewtohaveitsownR&Ddepartment,wheremostofMaple'sdevelopmenttakesplacetoday(theremainderbeingdoneatvariousuniversitylaboratories[7]). In1989,thefirstgraphicaluserinterfaceforMaplewasdevelopedandincludedwithversion4.3fortheMacintosh.X11andWindowsversionsofthenewinterfacefollowedin1990withMapleV.In1992,MapleVRelease2introducedtheMaple"worksheet"thatcombinedtext,graphics,andinputandtypesetoutput.[8]In1994aspecialissueofanewslettercreatedbyMapledeveloperscalledMapleTechwaspublished.[9] In1999,withthereleaseofMaple6,MapleincludedsomeoftheNAGNumericalLibraries.[10]In2003,thecurrent"standard"interfacewasintroducedwithMaple9.ThisinterfaceisprimarilywritteninJava(althoughportions,suchastherulesfortypesettingmathematicalformulae,arewrittenintheMaplelanguage).TheJavainterfacewascriticizedforbeingslow;[11]improvementshavebeenmadeinlaterversions,althoughtheMaple 11documentation[12]recommendstheprevious("classic")interfaceforuserswithlessthan500 MBofphysicalmemory. Between1995and2005Maplelostsignificantmarketsharetocompetitorsduetoaweakeruserinterface.[13]WithMaple10in2005,Mapleintroducedanew"documentmode"interface,whichhassincebeenfurtherdevelopedacrossseveralreleases. InSeptember2009MapleandMaplesoftwereacquiredbytheJapanesesoftwareretailerCybernetSystems.[14] Versionhistory[edit] Maple1.0:January,1982 Maple1.1:January,1982 Maple2.0:May,1982 Maple2.1:June,1982 Maple2.15:August,1982 Maple2.2:December,1982 Maple3.0:May,1983 Maple3.1:October,1983 Maple3.2:April,1984 Maple3.3:March,1985(firstpublicavailableversion) Maple4.0:April,1986 Maple4.1:May,1987 Maple4.2:December,1987 Maple4.3:March,1989 MapleV:August,1990 MapleVR2:November1992 MapleVR3:March15,1994 MapleVR4:January,1996 MapleVR5:November1,1997 Maple6:December6,1999 Maple7:July1,2001 Maple8:April16,2002 Maple9:June30,2003 Maple9.5:April15,2004 Maple10:May10,2005 Maple11:February21,2007 Maple11.01:July,2007 Maple11.02:November,2007 Maple12:May,2008 Maple12.01:October,2008 Maple12.02:December,2008 Maple13:April28,2009[15] Maple13.01:July,2009 Maple13.02:October,2009 Maple14:April29,2010[16] Maple14.01:October28,2010 Maple15:April13,2011[17] Maple15.01:June21,2011 Maple16:March28,2012[18] Maple16.01:May16,2012 Maple17:March13,2013[19] Maple17.01:July,2013 Maple18:Mar5,2014[20] Maple18.01:May,2014 Maple18.01a:July,2014 Maple18.02:Nov,2014 Maple2015.0:Mar4,2015[21] Maple2015.1:Nov,2015 Maple2016.0:March2,2016[22] Maple2016.1:April20,2016 Maple2016.1a:April27,2016 Maple2017.0:May25,2017[23] Maple2017.1:June28,2017 Maple2017.2:August2,2017 Maple2017.3:October3,2017 Maple2018.0:March21,2018[24] Maple2019.0:March14,2019[25] Maple2020.0:March12,2020[26] Features[edit] FeaturesofMapleinclude:[27] Supportforsymbolicandnumericcomputationwitharbitraryprecision Elementaryandspecialmathematicalfunctionlibraries Complexnumbersandintervalarithmetic Arithmetic,greatestcommondivisorsandfactorizationformultivariatepolynomialsovertherationals,finitefields,algebraicnumberfields,andalgebraicfunctionfields Limits,seriesandasymptoticexpansions Gröbnerbasis DifferentialAlgebra Matrixmanipulationtoolsincludingsupportforsparsearrays Mathematicalfunctiongraphingandanimationtools Solversforsystemsofequations,diophantineequations,ODEs,PDEs,DAEs,DDEsandrecurrencerelations Numericandsymbolictoolsfordiscreteandcontinuouscalculusincludingdefiniteandindefiniteintegration,definiteandindefinitesummation,automaticdifferentiationandcontinuousanddiscreteintegraltransforms Constrainedandunconstrainedlocalandglobaloptimization Statisticsincludingmodelfitting,hypothesistesting,andprobabilitydistributions Toolsfordatamanipulation,visualizationandanalysis Toolsforprobabilityandcombinatoricproblems Supportfortime-seriesandunitbaseddata Connectiontoonlinecollectionoffinancialandeconomicdata Toolsforfinancialcalculationsincludingbonds,annuities,derivatives,optionsetc. Calculationsandsimulationsonrandomprocesses Toolsfortextminingincludingregularexpressions Toolsforsignalprocessingandlinearandnon-linearcontrolsystems Discretemathtoolsincludingnumbertheory Toolsforvisualizingandanalysingdirectedandundirectedgraphs Grouptheoryincludingpermutationandfinitelypresentedgroups Symbolictensorfunctions Importandexportfiltersfordata,image,sound,CAD,anddocumentformats Technicalwordprocessingincludingformulaediting Programminglanguagesupportingprocedural,functionalandobject-orientedconstructs Toolsforaddinguserinterfacestocalculationsandapplications ToolsforconnectingtoSQL,Java,.NET,C++,Fortranandhttp ToolsforgeneratingcodeforC,C#,Fortran,Java,JavaScript,Julia,Matlab,Perl,Python,R,andVisualBasic Toolsforparallelprogramming ExamplesofMaplecode[edit] Thefollowingcode,whichcomputesthefactorialofanonnegativeinteger,isanexampleofanimperativeprogrammingconstructwithinMaple: myfac:=proc(n::nonnegint) localout,i; out:=1; forifrom2tondo out:=out*i enddo; out endproc; Simplefunctionscanalsobedefinedusingthe"mapsto"arrownotation: myfac:=n->product(i,i=1..n); Integration[edit] Find ∫ cos ⁡ ( x a ) d x {\displaystyle\int\cos\left({\frac{x}{a}}\right)dx} . int(cos(x/a),x); Output: a sin ⁡ ( x a ) {\displaystylea\sin\left({\frac{x}{a}}\right)} Determinant[edit] Computethedeterminantofamatrix. M:=Matrix([[1,2,3],[a,b,c],[x,y,z]]);#exampleMatrix [ 1 2 3 a b c x y z ] {\displaystyle{\begin{bmatrix}1&2&3\\a&b&c\\x&y&z\end{bmatrix}}} LinearAlgebra:-Determinant(M); b z − c y + 3 a y − 2 a z + 2 x c − 3 x b {\displaystylebz-cy+3ay-2az+2xc-3xb} Seriesexpansion[edit] series(tanh(x),x=0,15) x − 1 3 x 3 + 2 15 x 5 − 17 315 x 7 {\displaystylex-{\frac{1}{3}}\,x^{3}+{\frac{2}{15}}\,x^{5}-{\frac{17}{315}}\,x^{7}} + 62 2835 x 9 − 1382 155925 x 11 + 21844 6081075 x 13 + O ( x 15 ) {\displaystyle{}+{\frac{62}{2835}}\,x^{9}-{\frac{1382}{155925}}\,x^{11}+{\frac{21844}{6081075}}\,x^{13}+{\mathcal{O}}\left(x^{15}\right)} Solveequationsnumerically[edit] Thefollowingcodenumericallycalculatestherootsofahigh-orderpolynomial: f:=x^53-88*x^5-3*x-5=0 fsolve(f) -1.097486315,-.5226535640,1.099074017 Thesamecommandcanalsosolvesystemsofequations: f:=(cos(x+y))^2+exp(x)*y+cot(x-y)+cosh(z+x)=0: g:=x^5-8*y=2: h:=x+3*y-77*z=55; fsolve({f,g,h}); {x=-1.543352313,y=-1.344549481,z=-.7867142955} Plottingoffunctionofsinglevariable[edit] Plot x sin ⁡ ( x ) {\displaystylex\sin(x)} with x {\displaystylex} rangingfrom-10to10: plot(x*sin(x),x=-10..10); Plottingoffunctionoftwovariables[edit] Plot x 2 + y 2 {\displaystylex^{2}+y^{2}} with x {\displaystylex} and y {\displaystyley} rangingfrom-1to1: plot3d(x^2+y^2,x=-1..1,y=-1..1); Animationoffunctions[edit] Animationoffunctionoftwovariables f := 2 k 2 cosh 2 ⁡ ( x k − 4 k 3 t ) {\displaystylef:={\frac{2k^{2}}{\cosh^{2}\left(xk-4k^{3}t\right)}}} plots:-animate(subs(k=0.5,f),x=-30..30,t=-10..10,numpoints=200,frames=50,color=red,thickness=3); 2Dbellsolution Animationoffunctionsofthreevariables plots:-animate3d(cos(t*x)*sin(3*t*y),x=-Pi..Pi,y=-Pi..Pi,t=1..2); 3Danimationoffunction Fly-throughanimationof3-Dplots.[28] M:=Matrix([[400,400,200],[100,100,-400],[1,1,1]],datatype=float[8]): plot3d(1,x=0..2*Pi,y=0..Pi,axes=none,coords=spherical,viewpoint=[path=M]); Mapleplot3Dfly-through Laplacetransform[edit] Laplacetransform f:=(1+A*t+B*t^2)*exp(c*t); ( 1 + A t + B t 2 ) e c t {\displaystyle\left(1+A\,t+B\,t^{2}\right)e^{ct}} inttrans:-laplace(f,t,s); 1 s − c + A ( s − c ) 2 + 2 B ( s − c ) 3 {\displaystyle{\frac{1}{s-c}}+{\frac{A}{(s-c)^{2}}}+{\frac{2B}{(s-c)^{3}}}} inverseLaplacetransform inttrans:-invlaplace(1/(s-a),s,x); e a x {\displaystylee^{ax}} Fouriertransform[edit] Fouriertransform inttrans:-fourier(sin(x),x,w) I π ( D i r a c ( w + 1 ) − D i r a c ( w − 1 ) ) {\displaystyle\mathrm{I}\pi\,(\mathrm{Dirac}(w+1)-\mathrm{Dirac}(w-1))} Integralequations[edit] Findfunctions f {\displaystylef} thatsatisfytheintegralequation f ( x ) − 3 ∫ − 1 1 ( x y + x 2 y 2 ) f ( y ) d y = h ( x ) {\displaystylef(x)-3\int_{-1}^{1}(xy+x^{2}y^{2})f(y)dy=h(x)} . eqn:=f(x)-3*Int((x*y+x^2*y^2)*f(y),y=-1..1)=h(x): intsolve(eqn,f(x)); f ( x ) = ∫ − 1 1 ( − 15 x 2 y 2 − 3 x y ) h ( y ) d y + h ( x ) {\displaystylef\left(x\right)=\int_{-1}^{1}\!\left(-15\,{x}^{2}{y}^{2}-3\,xy\right)h\left(y\right){dy}+h\left(x\right)} UseoftheMapleengine[edit] TheMapleengineisusedwithinseveralotherproductsfromMaplesoft: Moebius,DigitalEd’sonlinetestingsuite,usesMapletoalgorithmicallygeneratequestionsandgradestudentresponses. MapleNetallowsuserstocreateJSPpagesandJavaApplets.MapleNet12andabovealsoallowuserstouploadandworkwithMapleworksheetscontaininginteractivecomponents. MapleSim,anengineeringsimulationtool.[29] MapleQuantumChemistryPackagefromRDMChemcomputesandvisualizestheelectronicenergiesandpropertiesofmolecules.[30] Listedbelowarethird-partycommercialproductsthatnolongerusetheMapleengine: VersionsofMathcadreleasedbetween1994and2006includedaMaple-derivedalgebraengine(MKM,akaMathsoftKernelMaple),thoughsubsequentversionsuseMuPAD. SymbolicMathToolboxinMATLABcontainedaportionoftheMaple10engine,butnowusesMuPAD(startingwithMATLABR2007b+release).[31] OlderversionsofthemathematicaleditorScientificWorkplaceincludedMapleasacomputationalengine,thoughcurrentversionsincludeMuPAD. Seealso[edit] Comparisonofcomputeralgebrasystems Comparisonofnumerical-analysissoftware Comparisonofprogramminglanguages Comparisonofstatisticalpackages Listofcomputeralgebrasystems Listofcomputersimulationsoftware Listofgraphingsoftware Listofnumerical-analysissoftware Mathematicalsoftware SageMath(anopensourcealgebraprogram) References[edit] ^"MaplesoftMediaReleases".www.maplesoft.com.Retrieved2022-03-19. ^"InternationalLanguageSupportinMaple".Maplesoft.Retrieved2June2016. ^PoweroftwoBitwiseMagazine ^"WelcometotheMaplesoftMathMLHomePage".www.maplesoft.com. ^abMacCallum,MalcolmA.H.(2018)."Computeralgebraingravityresearch".LivingReviewsinRelativity.21(1):6.doi:10.1007/s41114-018-0015-6.ISSN 2367-3613.PMC 6105178.PMID 30174551. ^ab"HistoryofMaple".1998-12-15.Retrieved2020-04-06. ^TwosuchuniversitylabsaretheSymbolicComputationGroupattheUniversityofWaterlooandtheOntarioResearchCentreforComputerAlgebraattheUniversityofWesternOntario ^MapleVRelease2NotesMaplesoft ^"MTNSpecialIssue1994".web.mit.edu. ^Maple6.0Macworld,Feb2001 ^Capturingknowledgewithpuremaths,ScientificComputingWorld. ^Maple11InstallationGuideMaplesoft ^InterviewwithGastonGonnet,co-creatorofMapleArchived2007-12-29attheWaybackMachine,SIAMHistoryofNumericalAnalysisandComputing,16March2005 ^"MaplesoftMediaReleases".www.maplesoft.com. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-Maple13andMapleSim2nowavailable".Retrieved28Apr2009. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-AnnouncingMaple14andMapleSim4".Retrieved29Apr2010. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-IntroducingMaple15".Retrieved11Apr2011. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-Maple16ishere".Retrieved28Mar2012. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-IntroducingMaple17".Retrieved13Mar2013. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-AnnouncingMaple18".Retrieved5Mar2014. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-Maple2015isnowavailable!".Retrieved4Mar2015. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-AnnouncingMaple2016".Retrieved2Mar2016. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-AnnouncingMaple2017".Retrieved25May2017. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-Maple2018ishere!".Retrieved21Mar2018. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-AnnouncingMaple2019".Retrieved14Mar2019. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-Maple2020haslaunched!".Retrieved20Mar2020. ^"WhatisMaple:ProductFeatures-Math&EngineeringSoftware-Maplesoft".www.maplesoft.com. ^UsingtheNewFly-throughFeatureinMaple13Maplesoft ^Mahmud,Khizir;Town,GrahamE.(June2016)."Areviewofcomputertoolsformodelingelectricvehicleenergyrequirementsandtheirimpactonpowerdistributionnetworks".AppliedEnergy.172:337–359.doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.03.100. ^"MaplePrimesBlog-IntroducingtheMapleQuantumChemistryToolbox".Retrieved6May2019. ^"ReleaseNotesforSymbolicMathToolbox".MathWorks.Retrieved10July2014. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoMaple(software). Wikibookshasabookonthetopicof:Maple Maplesoft,divisionofWaterlooMaple,Inc.–officialwebsite MapleOnlineHelp–onlinedocumentation MaplePrimes–acommunitywebsiteforMapleusers MapleCloud–anonlineMapleapplicationviewer vteComputeralgebrasystemsOpen-source Axiom Cadabra CoCoA Erable Fermat FriCAS FORM GAP GiNaC Macaulay2 Maxima Normaliz PARI/GP Reduce SageMath Singular SymPy Xcas/Giac Yacas Proprietary ClassPadManager KANT Magma Maple Mathcad Mathematica muPAD(MATLABsymbolicmathtoolbox) SMathStudio TIInterActive! Discontinued CAMAL Derive LiveMath Macsyma Mathomatic muMATH ALTRAN Category List vteNumerical-analysissoftwareFree AdvancedSimulationLibrary ADMB Chapel Euler Fortress FreeFem++ FreeMat Genius Gmsh GNUOctave gretl Julia Jupyter(Julia,Python,R;IPython) MFEM OpenFOAM Python R SageMath Salome ScicosLab Scilab X10 Weka Proprietary DADiSP FEAToolMultiphysics GAUSS LabVIEW Maple Mathcad Mathematica MATLAB Speakeasy VisSim Comparison vteStatisticalsoftwarePublicdomain Dataplot EpiInfo CSPro X-12-ARIMA Open-source ADMB DAP gretl JASP JAGS JMulTi Julia Jupyter(Julia,Python,R) GNUOctave OpenBUGS Orange PSPP Python(statsmodels,PyMC3,IPython,IDLE) R(RStudio) SageMath SimFiT SOFAStatistics Stan XLispStat Freeware BV4.1 CumFreq SegReg XploRe WinBUGS CommercialCross-platform DataDesk GAUSS GraphPadInStat GraphPadPrism IBMSPSSStatistics IBMSPSSModeler JMP Maple Mathcad Mathematica MATLAB OxMetrics RATS RevolutionAnalytics SAS SmartPLS Stata StatView SUDAAN S-PLUS TSP WorldProgrammingSystem(WPS) Windowsonly BMDP EViews GenStat LIMDEP LISREL MedCalc Microfit Minitab MLwiN NCSS SHAZAM SigmaStat Statistica StatsDirect StatXact SYSTAT TheUnscrambler UNISTAT Exceladd-ons Analyse-it UNISTATforExcel XLfit RExcel Category Comparison vteDeeplearningsoftwareOpensource ApacheMXNet ApacheSINGA Caffe Deeplearning4j DeepSpeed Dlib Keras MicrosoftCognitiveToolkit ML.NET OpenNN PyTorch TensorFlow Theano Torch ONNX OpenVINO Proprietary AppleCoreML IBMWatson Maple NeuralDesigner WolframMathematica MATLABDeepLearningToolbox Category Comparison vteFractalsoftware Digitalart Graphicssoftware Fractalart Open-source Apophysis Blender Fyre KallesFraktaler MilkDrop Sterling GNU ElectricSheep GIMP openPlaG XaoS Freeware Fractint RetailCross-platform Bryce Chaotica Maple WolframMathematica Windowsonly UltraFractal VisSim Scenerygenerator MojoWorldGenerator Picogen Terragen VistaPro Foundobjects BurningShipfractal Jerusalemcube Juliaset Mandelbox Mandelbrotset Mandelbulb Related Computer-generatedimagery Fractalcompression Fractallandscape Fractalflame Iteratedfunctionsystem Mathematicalvisualization Orbittrap Category vteGraphanalysissoftwareFree Cytoscape Graphviz Gephi iGraph NetworkX Tulip Proprietary Maple Mathematica Authoritycontrol:Nationallibraries Germany Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maple_(software)&oldid=1062593245" Categories:C(programminglanguage)softwareComputationalnotebookComputeralgebrasystemsoftwareforLinuxComputeralgebrasystemsoftwareforMacOSComputeralgebrasystemsoftwareforWindowsComputeralgebrasystemsCross-platformsoftwareDataminingandmachinelearningsoftwareDatavisualizationsoftwareData-centricprogramminglanguagesEconometricssoftwareFunctionallanguagesInteractivegeometrysoftwareIRIXsoftwareLinearalgebraMaplesoftMathematicaloptimizationsoftwareMathematicalsoftwareNumericalanalysissoftwareforLinuxNumericalanalysissoftwareforMacOSNumericalanalysissoftwareforWindowsNumericalprogramminglanguagesNumericalsoftwareParallelcomputingPhysicssoftwarePlottingsoftwareProductsintroducedin1982ProprietarycommercialsoftwareforLinuxProprietarycross-platformsoftwareRegressionandcurvefittingsoftwareSimulationprogramminglanguagesSoftwaremodelinglanguageStatisticalprogramminglanguagesTheoremprovingsoftwaresystemsTimeseriessoftwareHiddencategories:WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromApril2020CommonscategorylinkfromWikidataArticleswithGNDidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikibooks Languages العربيةČeštinaDanskDeutschEspañolفارسیFrançais한국어BahasaIndonesiaItalianoעבריתLietuviųMagyarNederlands日本語PolskiPortuguêsРусскийSimpleEnglishSlovenščinaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSuomiSvenskaTürkçeУкраїнськаTiếngViệt中文 Editlinks